Activity 2.3D  Stile Lessons:

Mixtures https://stileapp.com/au/institutions/551/subjects/306841 

1.1Lesson: What are mixtures?

1.1Quiz: What are mixtures?

2.1Lesson: Suspensions & colloids

2.1Quiz: Suspensions & colloids

2.2Practical activity: Making emulsions

Activity 2.3D  Stile Lessons:

Mixtures https://stileapp.com/au/institutions/551/subjects/306841 

5.1Lesson: Separating mixtures

5.1Quiz: Separating mixtures

5.2Investigation: Chromatography

6.1Project: Pollutants

6.2Science and society: Drink driving

Glossary: Mixtures

Glossary: Separation Techniques

Test: Mixtures

Activity 2.3F

Complete the Separating Mixtures Activity 2.2 2.3 by cutting and pasting into the correct box.

Activity 2.3G

Complete the Separating Mixtures Domino Activity

Activity 2.4A

Visit the Sydney Water site and share read to investigate water treatment processes used to produce Sydney's water.

Activity 2.5A 

Group Research and Presentation (Murray-Darling as an example)

Visit this site and carry out the group tasks:

1. location

2. topography

3. seasonality

4. variability

5. evaporation

6. Ext: What practices can be put in place to improve the Murray-Darling. 

2.6A Literacy Activity: Violets

• Read the following text and discuss

Indigenous Cultural Heritage of the Murray-Darling river system

https://www.mda.asn.au/indigenous-heritage.aspx#:~:text=Aboriginal%20people%20arrived%20in%20Australia,system%20about%2040%2C000%20years%20ago.&text=Records%20indicate%20that%20Aboriginal%20people,River%20for%20over%2030%2C000%20years. 

Aboriginal culture can be traced back at least 45,000 years. In western NSW, many Aboriginal groups can be clearly identified. Within this region, most of these groups lived along the waterways that make up the Darling catchment. For these people, the river was the centre of their existence and they have lived with its constant changes over 30,000 years.

The Warrego, Paroo and Darling Rivers and their floodplains provided not only a cultural base, but also, sustained life by providing food, water, medicines, shelter, transport, fire and spirituality.

Distinct tribal groups lived along specific sections of the Darling and its tributaries. The Paaruntye lived on the Paroo, while the Naualko and the Kurnu people lived in the upper catchment. The largest group was, and still is, the Barkindji, whose region stretches from Wentworth almost to Bourke, although their concentration was traditionally greater in the southern regions of the river.The Aboriginal name for the Darling River is Barka, Barkindji literally means the people of the Barka (the river).

The upper catchment provided Aboriginal people with a wide range of caves and rock shelters. Along the river, people lived on the beaches and banks of channels and lakes or in nearby sand dunes.The best campsites were where a combination of resources could be found. At Wilcannia, for example, small lakes near the Darling provided food while nearby rocky hills provided materials for stone tools. Menindee was a favourite camp site where a cluster of lakes occur at the junction of the old and new river channels.

Fish was a favourite food of Aboriginal communities living near the river. The people used spears, nets and traps to catch fish. When the rivers were full, big nets were used to catch large numbers of fish for ceremonial gatherings. Fish weirs and stone traps were also built to catch fish returning from the wetlands into the main stream as river levels fell.

There are a number of sites that reveal the extent of Aboriginal fishing on the Darling. Several of these are at Lake Tandou (south of Menindee) which reveal the remains of large fish, turtles, yabbies and even platypus. These sites are about 24,000 years old. The size of remains indicate that there were large numbers of people to feed at the time. The stone fish traps at Brewarrina are not only significant but were by far the largest and most complex of these types of fish traps in existence.

Like elsewhere in the Murray-Darling Basin, the arrival of Europeans had a significant impact on the people of the Darling River. The first contact with white settlers occurred in the 1820s. Guns, axes, fences and disease all had a major impact and by the late 1830s, Aboriginal groups were rapidly losing access to waterways, land and sacred sites.

It appears that many sheep-runs employed Aboriginals as shepherds and supported their camps, however, cattle owners wanted to get rid of these Aboriginals. As the pastoralists expanded, hostilities broke out and are reflected in two major confrontations in the Darling catchment – at Myall Creek and Rufus River.

In 1850, Governor Fitzroy created 20 Aboriginal reserves in the headwaters of the Darling. Between 1885 and 1894, the Aborigine Protection Board established additional reserves, one of these was at Pooncarie. Their creation marked the end of shared occupation and the beginning of severe restriction on Aboriginal access to land.

The 1930s saw intense pressure on Aboriginals, particularly in the Darling tributaries, as well as conflicts over access to land and sacred sites. Many Aboriginals were removed to remote stations, often far away from their traditional lands. Despite the wool boom of the 1950s, the gradual reduction in pastoral work and the closure of remaining Aboriginal camps in the Western Division, led to the growth of Aboriginal populations in towns like Wilcannia and Walgett.

In the 1970s and 1980s, NSW laws saw many of the surviving reserves and housing settlements along the Darling placed under Aboriginal ownership and management. Local Land Councils were established to enable Aboriginal people to buy land and many large and viable properties were bought.

In the 1990s, Native Title gave Aboriginal people the right to claim access and other rights on non-freehold land. Native Title claims have been made along much of the Darling River, but few have yet been determined.

Now visit, read and view from ABC Indigenous groups in Murray-Darling Basin fight to have their voices heard over water rights

Activity 2.6C

• Further readings and discussion:

  • Justice, science, or collaboration: divergent perspectives on Indigenous cultural water in Australia's Murray–Darling Basin

  • Partnerships with Traditional Owners