Beautiful cities

There are many beautiful cities in our world that have preserved their uniqueness and unique atmosphere, which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world. See the 43 most beautiful cities in the world that you should see at least once in your life. And another city at the request of our readers.

Classification of cities by economic and geographical location (EGP).

This classification is the most complex and so far the least developed. With its help, you can determine the direction of future development of the city by assessing the potential capabilities of the area or some of its focal points.

Depending on the EGP, various groups of cities are distinguished:

- groups located at the intersection of transport routes (Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk);

- groups located in large mining areas (Kemerovo, Rudny);

- groups located in areas with developed manufacturing industries (Yaroslavl, Serpukhov);

- groups located in areas of intensive agriculture (Krasnodar, Stavropol).

It is important to note that any classification is conditional. The selection of the main functional types of cities does not exclude the presence of many transitions between them, the existence of mixed-type cities, as well as the possibility of distinguishing additional types and subtypes.

Since there is no universally accepted concept of “city” and a single classification, it is necessary to study these issues in an interdisciplinary space formed by the interaction between the approaches and views of various branches of science.

A sustainable city, or eco-city, is an environmentally designed city populated by people who seek to minimize the consumption of energy, water and food, eliminate unreasonable heat, air pollution with carbon dioxide, CO2 and methane, as well as water pollution. The first word "eco-city" was used by Richard Registrar in 1987 in the book Eco-City of Berkeley: building a city for a healthy future. Other prominent personalities who foresaw the emergence of eco-cities include architect Paul Downton, who later founded Ecopolis Pty, and writer Timothy Beatle, who wrote a lot on this topic. When designing such cities, methods of industrial ecology are sometimes used.

A sustainable city can feed itself with minimal dependence on the surrounding area, and produce energy using renewable sources. The difficulty is to leave the smallest possible ecological footprint, to minimize possible pollution. To do this, you need to effectively use the land, compost the remnants of the materials used, recycle waste or convert it into energy. If this practice is followed, the overall contribution of the city to climate change will be minimal.

It is estimated that about 50% of the world's population lives in cities and urban settlements [2]. These large communities create both challenges and good opportunities for environmentally friendly action. In order to make the city more stable, the design and operation of buildings, as well as the lifestyle and consciousness of residents, should be turned towards stable thinking.

In Russia, the first eco-city New Stupino is supposed to be built in the Moscow region. Ecological cities are formed by applying various methods, such as:

Creation of various agricultural structures, plots within the city (in the center or suburbs). This shortens the path of food from the field to the table. In practice, it is possible to create either small private agricultural plots or larger-scale production (for example, vertical agricultural buildings of the type of “agronomy skyscrapers”).

Use of renewable energy sources: wind generators, solar panels or biogas created from waste water. The scale of the city can provide economic feasibility and viability of such energy sources.

Various methods to reduce the need for air conditioning (high energy demand), such as planting trees and color lighting the surface, installing natural ventilation systems, increasing water bodies and green spaces to at least 20% of the city’s area. These measures are also aimed at combating the “heat island effect” caused by the abundance of concrete and asphalt, which make urban areas a few degrees warmer than the surrounding rural areas. The difference reaches up to six degrees Celsius in the evening.

Improving public transportation and increasing pedestrian areas to reduce car emissions. This requires a completely different approach to city planning, with a well-thought-out integration of business, industrial and residential areas. Roads need to be designed so that driving is not difficult.

Optimum building density to make public transport viable, but avoid creating urban heat islands.

Reducing urban sprawl, finding new ways to allow people to live closer to work. Since jobs tend to occur, usually in a city, downtown or city center, employers are looking for ways to increase density by changing the “archaic” views of many city dwellers to have inter-district gaps. One of the new approaches to solving this problem is the proposals developed by the “reasonable growth” movement.

Green roofs.

Each city is beautiful in its own way. Someone like the small town in which he grew up. But there are wonderful cities in the world that attract many tourists like a magnet. All this happens thanks to the beautiful architecture, beautiful nature, unique natural parks, as well as many entertainments. These cities, as a rule, have a rich history, which you can learn about during educational excursions. Most of the most beautiful cities in the world were founded several centuries ago and have magnificent monuments, beautiful squares, cathedrals and fabulous legends in their architectural arsenal that give them a special charm.

“The most beautiful cities in the world” is an absolutely relative concept, because there are no generally accepted criteria for an aesthetic assessment of a given locality. It is difficult to compare the many-sided images of cities that dotted the modern world map. Someone closer to the romance of Paris, to someone the aristocracy of London, and to someone the ease of Las Vegas. On taste and color, as they say, there is no comrade. Therefore, the list below expresses an exclusively subjective attitude to a particular city.

It is not in vain that architects claim that when you look at any city, you can "read" it like a book, learn, if not everything, then a lot about its builders, about the aspirations and hopes of citizens, about their aspirations for a better life, about pride in their motherland. Sociologists, in turn, say that it is almost impossible to rank the most beautiful cities in the world, because each settlement is individual in its architectural beauty and is especially attractive.