01 SPSS Crash Course

This is a short  SPSS Crash Course with all the things you know already. The focus is on general priciples data exploration and descriptive statistics using numbers and graphs. I recommend you work carefully  through this crash course. Its really all the basics you know from previous years, but it gives you a good foundation.

THe crash course also deals with data input. :-) 

02 T- Tests 

(1 IV- nominal- 2 levels, IDV- scale)

Inferential tests all follow the same principles and all tests build on each other. Therefore we start with one of the simplest inferential tests: Independent groups T-test, repeated measures t-test and one sample t-tests (optional). Once you understand these teststhouroghly  Anovas will be easy to understand.

03 One Way Anovas

(I IV- nominal or ordinal, IDV- scale)

One way Anovas are just an extension of t-tests from two groups to more groups. Similar to the test we are looking at Anova Tests between groups and Anovas tests within groups.

We will also shortly consider non parametric alternatives to these test, to be used if assumptions of these tests are violated.

Additional we look at Power and  effect size of tests. These concepts apply in the same way to all other tests.

04 Two Way Anovas

(2 IV- nominal or ordinal, IDV- scale)

Two way Anovas are just an extension of one way Anovas introducing a second independent grouping variable. Based on research design we distinguish between two way anova between groups, two way anova between within groups groups and two way Anova within groups (very seldom used).

In a two way Anova we look at the effect of first IV on the DV, the effect of the second IV on the DV as well as an interaction effect of both IVs on the DV.

05 AnCovas

(2 IV- nominal or ordinal, IDV- scale, 1 CV- scale)

AnCovas are an extension of Anovas, where a covariate is introduced to control for the effects of selected other continuous variables which co-vary with the dependent variable.  

06 Manovas  (mainly look at the principles, SPSS procedure optional)

(1 IV- nominal or ordinal, 2 DV- scale)

Manovas or mulitvariate anovas are an extension of anovas, where instead of looking at one DV we are looking at two or more related dependent variables. There are stronger assumptions for Manovas than for Anovas. If these assumptions are not met it is recommended that you use Anvovas with an additional look at the correlation between the two dependent variables.

07 Chi Square Tests

(1variable nominal or ordinal OR 2 varibles nominal or ordinal)

Here we look at chi square tests for goodness of fit, used to look at distribution of once variable, or and chi used to clook at distribution of one variable,  and the chi square test of independencce, used co compare the distribution of two variables.

08 Correlation and Multiple Regression 

(1 or more factors (IV) and one target variable (DV))

-You are well familar with investigating correlations using correlation coefficients (r), coefficient of determination (r^2), scatterplots and regression lines. Multiple correlation expands on this investigating the effect of several factors on the target variable. 

09 Reliability of Data

In previous years you herad a lot about the importance of relaibility and validity of data and in particular scale data. Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (over time, accross different researchers and accross items of the scale) This part focusses on Cronbachs alpha - a measurements to test internal consistency accross different items of the scale. Cronbachs alpha can be easily applied in SPSS and should be applied in every research project including scales.

10 Reporting Results in APA style - Bringing it all together

This last part just summarises guidelines for reporting results in APA style.