• A pronoun is a word or phrase that substitutes a noun or a noun phrase. There are ten types of
pronouns generally used
Read the stories of Ravi and Rani.
Ravi is an intelligent boy. Ravi lives in a small village. A chill breeze touches the skin, a cool lake
with swans swimming on the lake catches the eyesight. Ravi loves nature a lot. Ravi is studying in class
Ten in a government school. Ravi loves helping others. When a woman was crossing the road with
heavy luggage, Ravi asked the woman, “May I help you?” and carried the luggage and dropped the
luggage at home. The woman thanked Ravi for the help.
Rani is a brilliant girl. Rani lives in an urban area where huge buildings touch the sky, buzzing
noise of traffic hit the ears and crowds move busily towards work. One day when Rani was on the way
to school, Rani saw a dog hurt by a moving scooter. At once Rani went near the dog, lifted the dog and
rushed to a veterinary doctor. The dog, after recovering, shook the tail to thank Rani.
A. Write the words that can replace Ravi, Rani, woman, luggage and the dog when we use
them for the second and subsequent times in the passage _____, _____, _____.
Answer: He, She, she, it, it.
These words are called pronouns.
Kumaravel lives in Thiruvannamalai. He is a doctor. All the people like him because of his
helping nature. His hospital is located at Car street and most of his patients are poor so he does not
charge much money. His daughter goes to school. She studies in 5th Standard. Her teachers love her
very much. Her friends are also very good. They always encourage her. They have given her good
advice. Her mother is also a teacher. She always encourages her to keep studying. I also like her as
she often comes to my house. One day I told my mother that she wants to learn cooking. My mother
taught her cooking. Now she cooks well.
1. It is an excellent opportunity.
2. One of these two students can solve this question.
3. These books have been written by a great Indian writer.
4. They have come to know the truth.
5. Some of the students have passed the exam.
6. Some of your friends can guide you.
7. This is your story based on your real life.
8. All your friends will guide you.
9. Some of his family members would come to visit you.
10. Some of those books will be helpful to you.
11. This is your bag, you can take it anytime.
12. He himself is responsible for the downfall of his life.
1. I have book. It is written by Rabindranath Tagore.
I have the book which is written by Rabindranath Tagore.
2. Kavita is my teacher. She teaches us English.
Kavita is my teacher who teaches us English.
3. This is Varun. His father is an architect.
This is Varun whose father is an architect.
4. She invited most of her friends. They attended the party.
Most of her friends whom she invited attended the party.
5. Give me a pen to write a letter. It was gifted to you on your birthday.
To write a letter give me the pen which was gifted to you on your birthday.
6. I have sold the house. It was located at the bank of a river.
I have sold the house which was located at the bank of a river.
7. Here is your watch. It has been found in the garden.
Here is your watch which has been found in the garden.
• There are two main types of speech: direct speech and indirect or reported speech.
• Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words.
• Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say.
Fill in the blanks with missing indirect speech.
1. If the reporting verb is in the present tense.
Kavi says that she will never go to work.
2. When we report a universal truth (something that is always true).
Alisha said that people in Africa are starving.
3. With modal verbs would, might, could, should, ought to, used to.
Vinoth said that he would try it.
4. With would rather, had better
Sophia said that they had better go.
5. In if-clauses and time-clauses
Jaheer said that when I was staying in Madurai I met my best friends.
Jaheer said that when he had been staying in Madurai he had met his best friend.
6. We do not usually change the modal verbs ‘must’ and ‘needn’t’. But ‘must’ can become ‘had to’ or
‘would have to’ and ‘needn’t’ can become ‘didn’t have to’ or ‘wouldn’t have to’ if we want to
express an obligation. ‘Would/wouldn’t have to’ are used to talk about future obligations.
Ans: He said that they had to done it in June.
Read the following dialogue and report it.
Johnson : “What are you doing here, Suganthi? I haven’t seen you since June.”
Suganthi : “I’ve just come back from my holiday in Ooty.”
Johnson : “Did you enjoy it?”
Suganthi : “I love Ooty. And the people were so friendly.”
Johnson : “Did you go to Coakers Walk?”
Suganthi : “It was my first trip. I can show you some pictures. Are you doing anything tomorrow?”
Johnson : “I must arrange a couple of things. But I am free tonight.”
Suganthi : “You might come to my place. At what time shall we meet?”
Johnson : “I’ll be there at eight. Is it all right?”
Johnson asked Suganthi what she was doing there. And he said that he had not seen her since
June. Suganthi explained that she had just come back from her holiday in Ooty. Johnson wondered
if she had enjoyed it. Suganthi told him that she loved Ooty and that the people had been so friendly.
Johnson wanted to know if she had gone to the Coakers Walk. Suganthi said that it had been her first
trip and that she could show him some pictures. And then she asked him if he was doing anything the
next day. Johnson explained that he must arrange a couple of things. But he added that he was free
at night. Suganthi suggested that he should come to his place and asked him at what time they could
meet. Johnson said he could be there at eight. And finally he asked whether it was all right.
Direct Speech
1. “Who took my English book?”
He was curious to know who...
Indirect Speech
a. took my English
b. had taken his English book.
c. takes his English book.
d. has taken my English book.
2. “Where does Helen live?”
Jim wants to know where...
Indirect Speech
a. Helen lived.
b. Helen lives.
c. Helen had lived.
d. does Helen live?
3. “Why do volcanoes erupt?”
She wondered why...
Indirect Speech
a. volcanoes erupt.
b. volcanoes had erupted.
c. volcanoes erupted.
d. did volcanoes erupt?
4. “Do you know why she is unhappy?”
He asked me if ..... unhappy
Indirect Speech
a. I know why she is
b. you know why she was
c. did I know why she was
d. I knew why she was
5. “How many photos have you got?”
He wants to know how many....
Indirect Speech
a. photos I had got.
b. photos you have got.
c. photos had I got?
d. photos I have got.