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Abbreviations and acronyms are shortened forms of words or phrases. An abbreviation is typically
a shortened form of words used to represent the whole (such as Dr. or Prof.) while an acronym
contains a set of initial letters from a phrase that usually form another word (such as radar or
scuba).
Abbreviations and acronyms are often interchanged, yet the two are quite distinct. The main
point of reference is that abbreviations are merely a series of letters while acronyms form new
words.
We use contractions (I’m, we’re) in everyday speech and informal writing. Contractions, which
are sometimes called ‘short forms’, commonly combine a pronoun or noun and a verb, or a verb
and not, in a shorter form.
Contractions with I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.
’m = am (I’m)
’re = are (you’re, we’re, they’re)
’s = is and has (he’s, she’s, it’s)
’ve = have (’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve)
’ll = will (I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, we’ll, they’ll)
’d = had and would (I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, they’d)
Contractions with auxiliary verb and not
The contraction for not is n’t:
aren’t = are not (we aren’t, you aren’t)
can’t = cannot
couldn’t = could not
didn’t = did not (I didn’t, they didn’t)
Pick out the contractions from the lesson and expand them.
Expand the following abbreviations or acronyms.
SIM ISRO WHO CCTV HDMI LASER MRI CRY RAM ROM CUP ALU
SIM - Subscriber Identification Module
ISRO - Indian Space Research Organization
WHO - World Health Organization
CCTV - Closed Circuit Television
HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface
LASER - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
CRY - Child Relief and You
RAM - Random Access Memory
ROM - Read-only Memory
CUP - Catalog Updated Process
ALU - Arithmetic-Logic Unit
Complete the sentences with the correct abbreviations or acronyms from the given
list.
a.m. etc. BCE e.g HD m IQ GPS p.m. vs
1. My dad wakes up very early in the morning because he has to be at work at 6.00 a.m.
2. Socrates, the famous Classical Greek Athenian philosopher, died in 399 BCE.
3. Leonardo Da Vinci was a famous Italian polymath, a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician,
a scientist etc.
4. I usually return home from work at 10.30 p.m.
5. John downloaded a clip from YouTube in HD quality.
6. There are many irregular verbs in the English language, e.g. break, do, make.
7. I’m watching a great football match, Barcelona vs Real Madrid.
8. Humans who dive without protection can survive 300 m under water.
9. A 11-year-old girl just beat Einstein on an IQ test.
10. We used the GPS facility to track the location.
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