Embedded Files
Invention/Contribution:
Muslim scholars pioneered experimental chemistry (al-kīmiyā’), moving it away from mystical alchemy to a true science.
Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber, 8th century) is often called the “Father of Chemistry”. He described distillation, crystallization, evaporation, and filtration.
Introduced laboratory equipment like the alembic (distillation apparatus), still used in modified forms today.
Scholars discovered and described substances such as acids (sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric), alcohol, salts, and soaps.
Chemistry was applied in medicine, perfume-making, metallurgy, and textiles.
Why it matters:
Established the scientific method of experimentation in the lab.
Many modern chemical terms (alcohol, alkali, elixir) come from Arabic.
Laid the foundations for industrial chemistry and pharmacy.
"Jabir ibn Hayyan is the father of chemistry. He introduced scientific methods that became the basis of modern chemistry.”
"Jabir ibn Hayyan is the father of chemistry. He introduced scientific methods that became the basis of modern chemistry.”
E.J. Holmyard, historian of science (Makers of Chemistry, 1931)
E.J. Holmyard, historian of science (Makers of Chemistry, 1931)
B08. Chemistry.pdfB09. Industrial Chemistry.pdfPage updated
Google Sites
Report abuse