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Current Research
Current Research
The Challenge
The Challenge
Synapses are the sites of memory storage and their ability to adapt (synaptic plasticity) while maintaining long-term stability presents a confound. Molecular components (proteins, lipids) have limited lifetimes, leaving how information encoded at synapses is stable long-term. Spines are a specialized structure on the post-synaptic side of the synapse (examples extending from the dendrite in the figure) that help solve this problem by providing isolated compartments for biochemical signal processing and localized adaptations to take place. In addition to investigating these basic neuroscience questions, we are also studying how the system of synaptic molecules becomes unbalanced following brain injury or during neurodegenerative processes.
The Approach
The Approach
To uncover the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity we use an array of state-of-the-art imaging and biophysical approaches to address the problem at the molecular and cellular level. Confocal and super-resolution fluorescence imaging and multi-photon fluorescence spectroscopy reveal the distribution and dynamics of protein or organelle movement. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy and tomography reveal the structural details of molecules and organelles in isolation and in their native cellular environment. Together with detailed analysis of enzyme kinetics and protein-protein interactions assessed using biochemical and reconstitution approach, a comprehensive model of synaptic biology and synaptic plasticity will be attained.
Recent Publications
Recent Publications
Mitochondria squeezed at the axon bridge between two synaptic terminals.
Fischer, T.D., Dash, P.K., Liu, J. and Waxham, M.N. (2018) Morphology of Mitochondria in Spatially Restricted Axons Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography. PloS Biology.
Cryo-EM reveals nanodomains in synthetic and biological membranes. The thickness of phase separated vesicles is highlighted in color. Thickness scale on the right in Angstroms.
Heberle, FA., Doktrova, M., Scott, H.L., Skinkle, A.D., Waxham, M.N., and Levental, I. (2020). Direct label-free imaging of nanodomains in biomimetic and biological membranes by cryogenic electron microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Heberle, FA., Doktrova, M., Scott, H.L., Skinkle, A.D., Waxham, M.N., and Levental, I. (2020). Direct label-free imaging of nanodomains in biomimetic and biological membranes by cryogenic electron microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Electron tomography of actin/CaMKII supramolecular structures formed on lipid monolayers. Individual CaMKII molecules are identified in red circles.
Wang,Q., Chen, M., Schafer, N.P., Bueno, C. Song, S.S., Hudmon, A. Wolynes, P.G., Waxham, M.N. and Cheung, M.S. (2019) Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II – Actin assemblies and their dynamic regulation by calmodulin in dendritic spines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
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Image Gallery
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