ARTICULATION OF RESONATION
ARTICULATION OF RESONATION
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RESONANCE ANATOMY
RESONANCE ANATOMY
Resonation/Resonance
a. Physical property of an object
b. Free vibration of a system without interference at the rate determined by its mass, tension and stiffness.
c. The vibration is dependent on a medium, particularly pharyngeal structures, the tension, volume, mass, and the rigidity of structures.
Resonant Frequency
a. Natural frequency
b. Frequency at which the object vibrates
c. Forced vibration; where vibrations from one object set another object into vibration if they have a common resonance frequency or near frequency.
Resonator
a. Objects that vibrate in response to another vibration.
b. The resonator will vibrate with the greatest amplitudes at frequencies close to the center frequency of vibrating bodies.
c. It will only vibrate if there is another source of the sound that vibrates.
d. (1) Acoustic: container filled with air
e. (2) Mechanical : actual object that is set into vibration
Resonation
a. The pharynx as the primary resonator of the vocal tract.
b. The oral and nasal cavity as the final resonating chambers.
c. Velum as the valve/door for the passage of sound to the nasal and oral cavities.
d. The vocal tract is ~17 cm in males, 14/15 cm in females and 8-9 cm in children.
e. Formant: group of frequencies that determine the characteristics of speech sound.
F1: related to the volume of pharyngeal cavity and how tightly the vocal tract is constricted
F2: related to the length of the oral cavity
Variable Resonator
a. Pharyngeal cavity (vocal tract) can multiply change the incoming sounds.
b. Odd-number multiples of the lowest RF.
c. Pharynx and oral nasal cavity has a very complex shape and it is composed of a series of air-filled containers.
d. Resonators will act as a filter; transmitting certain frequencies within its bandwidth and attenuate those who are not in the bandwidth.
e. 17 cm (males) * 4 = 68 cm the wavelength of the lowest F.
f. 3400 cm/s (speed of sound/68 = 500 Hz lowest RF
g. 500 Hz x 1 (500 Hz), 500 Hz X3 (1500 Hz), 500 Hz x 5 (2500 Hz) (FORMANTS)
The vocal tract can produce a complex periodic sound which consists of fundamental frequencies ranging from 85 Hz to 108 Hz which corresponds to the frequency of vocal folds vibrations.
Many harmonics will increase in frequency at the rate of 12 dB per octave.
The vocal tract acts as a broadly tube resonator which amplifies frequencies that lie within its upper and lower cut-off.
DISORDERS:
According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders (2016), in the absence of actual muscular weakness or paralysis, the term "apraxia" is used to describe a defect in the programming of the musculature for voluntary movement. Aphasia seems to be classified into a number of different categories and subtypes. Limb apraxia is defined as the inability to produce volitional motions with the limbs while the limbs are not in use. A patient with limb apraxia may have difficulties in actively employing several items to accomplish a series of actions upon request, such as assembling a sandwich, if this is the case. Although the act is fluent, the item is being utilized in an undesirable manner. When the patient imitates the act, his or her capacity to do the act will be significantly reduced.
Nonspeech behaviors performed by the face and lingual muscles in patients with oral apraxia may be difficult for them to do. It is possible that this person may engage in a considerable lot of effortful fumbling when requested to blow out a candle in an attempt to discover the proper configuration of his or her lips in conjunction with the outward flow of air when asked to blow out a candle Individuals with oral apraxia are often also affected by verbal apraxia.
image source: https://www.depaulhearingandspeech.org/what-is-childhood-apraxia-of-speech/
REFERENCE AND IMAGE SOURCE:
National Organization for Rare Disorders. (2016). Apraxia. NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/apraxia/#:~:text=Apraxia%20is%20a%20neurological%20disorder
Seikel, J. A., Drumright, D. G., & Seikel, P. (2013). Essentials of anatomy & physiology for communication disorders. Delmar Cengage Learning.
https://flypaper.soundfly.com/play/a-basic-guide-to-how-the-human-voice-produces-resonance/
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