The project “Mapping and Translating Spaces, Cultures and Languages” (MAT) is a PRIN 2022 funded project (ref. 20222SY2K7 - CUP B53D2300112000) that combines the methods of history with those of linguistics and translation studies to promote an innovative interdisciplinary analysis of the processes of cultural (mis)communication and (mis)translation among communities across the Portuguese Empire and Royal Patronage between 1540 and 1700.