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CO2 CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION BY GAS HYDRATES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS AND SEDIMENTS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
Due to the rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels driven by human activity, extensive scientific efforts have been dedicated to developing methods aimed at reducing its concentration in the atmosphere. A novel approach involves using hydrates as a long-lasting reservoir of CO2 sequestration. This review provides an initial overview of hydrate characteristics, their formation mechanisms, and the experimental techniques commonly employed for their characterization, including X-ray, Raman spectroscopy, cryoSEM, DSC, and molecular dynamic simulation. One of the main challenges in CO2 sequestration via hydrates is the requirement of high pressures and low temperatures to stabilize CO2 molecules within the hydrate crystalline cavities. However, deviations from classical temperature-pressure phase diagrams observed in natural and engineered environments can be explained by considering that hydrate stability and formation are primarily governed by chemical potentials, not just temperature and pressure. Activity, which reflects concentration and non-ideal interactions, greatly influences chemical potentials, emphasizing the importance of solution composition, salinity, and additives. In this context the role of promoters and inhibitors in facilitating or hindering hydrate formation is discussed. Furthermore, the review presents an overview of the impact of marine sediments and naturally occurring compounds on CO2 hydrate formation, along with the sampling methodologies used in sediments to determine the composition of these natural compounds. Special attention is given to the effect and chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in marine aquatic environments. The focus is placed on the key roles of various natural occurring molecules, such as amino acids, protein derivatives, and humic substances, along with the analytical techniques employed for their chemical characterization, highlighting their central importance in the CO2 gas hydrates formation.
Global marine modeling of CO2 hydrate stability
Global marine modeling of CO2 hydrate stability
Hydrates have recently come to the forefront because of their importance for the environmental impact and subsurface exploration. However, the conditions that affect their stability, particularly in the marine environment, are not yet fully understood. This study presents a static model on a global scale to assess CO2 hydrate stability. This analysis allowed evaluating the effects of salinity, sea water depth and geothermal gradient changes on CO2 hydrate stability also taking into account the thickness of the porous media. The results indicate that shallow water depth and low geothermal gradient favour the formation of CO2 hydrates. Furthermore, this modelling suggests that the actual salinity values rather than assuming constant values significantly improves the accuracy of stability predictions. A focus analysis was performed in the polar regions, where environmental conditions are most favourable for CO2 hydrate formation. The results provide a comprehensive global understanding of CO2 hydrate formation and optimal conditions, facilitating future local-scale applications.
Carbon capture and storage as gas hydrates: characterization and optimization of CO2-hydrates formation
Poster communication with flash presentation present at the conference “Science for the Planet”- Campobasso, 22nd-25th June 2025.
Lorenzo Remia was also awared as best poster flash presentation.
Carbon capture and storage as gas hydrates: characterization and optimization of CO2-hydrates formation
Poster communication of the CO2-RESTO results at the XXI Congresso Nazionale della Divisione di Chimica dell'Ambiente e dei Beni Culturali, Cremona, 10 - 13 settembre 2025
ATTI DEL CONGRESSO
https://www.congressodabc.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/SCI_ABC_2025_CREMONA_BOOK_OF_ABSTRACT.pdf
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