Panos Y. Papalambros

Optimal Design Laboratory • University of Michigan

I work in design optimization of products and systems,  and in advancing design as a holistic yet scientific discipline, integrating practice-based thinking with science-based understanding. Through my research and teaching, I have aimed to establish the scholarship and use of mathematical design optimization as a standard tool in modern design practice and on how it serves society. In extensive collaboration with industry and government agencies, I have worked on design optimization for advanced automotive systems, including electric and hybrid powertrains and structural design, and linked them with product development, commercial, and regulatory decisions to derive business and government policies.  The Analytical Target Cascading (ATC) method developed in our Optimal Design Laboratory is the first proven globally convergent multi-level coordination algorithm for multidisciplinary optimization, considering both organizational and computational complexity.  In our design science research, we have studied design preference elicitation and modeling, and linked engineering design models with those from marketing, behavioral, and social science. 

In our Africa-Design work we explore design for sustainable development as defined in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and focusing at the community level in Africa. Our March 2024  workshop on Design Science and AI  at CMUA in Kigali, Rwanda, was a very rewarding event endorsed by the US National Academy of Engineering.

James B. Angell Distinguished University Professor Emeritus  • Donald C. Graham Professor Emeritus of Engineering •  Professor Emeritus  of Mechanical Engineering • Professor Emeritus of  Integrative Systems + Design, College of Engineering • Professor Emeritus of Architecture and Urban Planning • Professor Emeritus of Art & Design • Director, Optimal Design (ODE) Laboratory. 


Editor-in-Chief, Design Science Journal, Cambridge University Press


Advisory  Board Member and Past President (2017-19), The Design Society 


Member, National Academy of Engineering


Contact:   pyp at umich dot edu



Cambridge University Press, New York, 2017 (3d ed.), 2000 (2d ed.), 1988 (1st ed.).

The Third Edition has thoroughly updated material and includes two new chapters on non-gradient methods and systems design optimization.  Visit the dedicated site for instructors and students. 

All artifacts surrounding us are the results of designing. Creating these artifacts involves making a great many decisions, which suggests that designing can be viewed as a decision-making process. An abstract description of the artifact using mathematical expressions of relevant natural laws, experience, and geometry is the mathematical model of the artifact. This model may contain many alternative designs, so criteria for comparing these alternatives can be introduced in the model. Within the limitations of such a model, the best, or optimum, design can be identified with the aid of mathematical methods. 

With fond memories for Douglass J. Wilde, co-author,  mentor, and friend.

Design Optimization

Design optimization evolved in parallel to operations research as a way to codify and support design decisions mathematically.  Design thinking emerged as a way to describe a user-centered design process that seeks to unpack the core values behind design decisions.  In our modern definition of Design Science as the field that studies the creation of artifacts and their embedding in our physical, psychological, economic, social and digital environments, these two approaches are merging. In perspective, my research reflects this evolution in design optimization that links the engineering, business, computer, behavioral, social, and public policy sciences, primarily through mathematical modeling while explicitly recognizing the limitations of this design paradigm.

Some current projects:

Design for Sustainable Development: In our AFRICA-DESIGN@UM project we explore how can design contribute to sustainable development in the rapidly growing African countries. We apply system design optimization to Integrated Natural Resource Conservation and Development (INRCD) projects, currently in Uganda.

System Design Thinking: What is "design thinking" in a large design organization? What are the attributes of a system design thinker? How do design organizations coordinate their distributed decisions to meet overall mission, system, and socio-technical goals?

Power Differentials in Co-Design: How do we include marginalized individuals and communities in the design process of products and systems that directly affect them?

Select Courses

Analytical Product Design

(ME 455/DESCI 501)

A benchmark, holistic, and intense design experience.  Artifact design is addressed from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes engineering, art, psychology, ergonomics, marketing, and economics.  Includes several rounds of prototyping.

Design Process Models

(DESCI 502)

Exploration of the science behind the design process and its elements, including the psychology of creativity and decision making, systems thinking, interaction and coordination of decisions in multi-disciplinary design settings.

Design Optimization 

(ME 555/MFG 555)

Project-based introduction to the mathematical modeling and solution algorithms for engineering design optimization problems., including model analysis, gradient and non-gradient methods and system optimization.

Design and Manufacturing I 

(ME 250)

A complete introductory experience to mechanical design and production. Basics in visual thinking, engineering drawing,  machine anatomy, manufacturing: processes, materials, engineering analysis and prototyping.