"Fraught societal debates, particularly surrounding gender identity, are raising questions about how to best take sex and gender into account in research, both in studies of human health and in other contexts."

https://www.nature.com/immersive/sex-and-gender-in-science/index.html

Journal Summary:
Phenotypic sex-based differences exist for many complex traits. In other cases, phenotypes may be similar, but underlying biology may vary. Thus, sex-aware genetic analyses are becoming increasingly important for understanding the mechanisms driving these differences. To this end, we provide a guide outlining the current best practices for testing various models of sex-dependent genetic effects in complex traits and disease conditions, noting that this is an evolving field. Insights from sex-aware analyses will not only teach us about the biology of complex traits but also aid in achieving the goals of precision medicine and health equity for all. 

The NIH Policy on Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV) articulates NIH’s expectation that sex, as a biological variable, will be factored into research designs, analyses, and reporting in vertebrate animal and human studies. ORWH's e-learning courses give users a thorough and up-to-date understanding of sex and gender influences on health and disease and NIH requirements on factoring sex as a biological variable into research designs. Visit the ORWH E-Learning page to register. Completion of the free courses will give users the knowledge they need to design and conduct research or interpret evidence for clinical practice. 

The missing sex

For most of its history, biomedical research and clinical testing has neglected over half of the world’s population. Finally, researchers and funders are starting to recognize the importance of sex differences. 

Citation: 

Seydel, C. The missing sex. Nat Biotechnol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00844-4 

Published: 23 February 2021

Research in Circulation Go Red issue focuses on sex differences

The latest Circulation journal highlights a major research emphasis on sex differences in cardiovascular care and outcomes. The special focus issue, a collaboration with Go Red for Women® , garnered a record 100-plus manuscripts for consideration. Topics include gender-based differences among resuscitated cardiac arrest patients and recurrent coronary heart disease after myocardial infarction.

See the issue 

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Title:  Identification of Female-Specific Risk Enhancers throughout the Lifespan of Women to Improve Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Authors: Petal Elder, Garima Sharma, Martha Gulati, Erin D. Michos

National Institutes of Health - Office of Research on Women's Health

Title:  ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR THE HEALTH OF WOMEN The Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research

Differences in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Contribute to Sexually Dimorphic Inflammatory Responses to High Fat Diet-induced Obesity. 

Citation: Singer K, Maley N, Mergian T, DelProposto J, Cho KW, Zamarron BF, Martinez-Santibanez G, Geletka L, Muir L, Wachowiak P, Demirjian C, Lumeng CN.  The Journal of biological chemistry. 2015; 290(21):13250-62.  PubMed [journal]PMID: 25869128 PMCID: PMC4505578

American College of Cardiology - CardioSource Plus for Institutions

Title:  Sex Differences in Management and Outcomes for ACS Patients

Nature Reviews: Nephrology 

Baylis, C. (2009). Sexual dimorphism in the aging kidney: Differences in the nitric oxide system. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 5(7), 384-396. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.90   

American College of Cardiology - CardioSource Plus for Institutions

PowerPoint Slides:  Sex Differences in the Characteristics of Patients Receiving ICD Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death