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A form of professional preparation?
A form of professional preparation?
The monarch of the academic community?
The monarch of the academic community?
A steward of the discipline and profession?
A steward of the discipline and profession?
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but when, where, and how did it start?
but when, where, and how did it start?
When
When
Doctoral education began in the 12th century, with the first doctoral degree awarded around 1150.
The doctorate of philosophy (PhD) developed in Germany in the 17th century, likely around 1652
The doctorate of philosophy (PhD) developed in Germany in the 17th century, likely around 1652
Where
Where
According to Keith Allan Noble, the first doctoral degree was awarded around 1150 by the University of Paris.
Yale University awarded the first PhD in the US in 1861.
Yale University awarded the first PhD in the US in 1861.
How
How
The first doctoral degree, known as the licentia docendi (license to teach), was originally controlled by the Catholic Church1. This degree required applicants to pass a test, take an oath of allegiance, and pay a fee.
Where we are right now
Where we are right now
The number of new doctorates has almost doubled in the two decades to 2017
New doctorates awarded, OECD countries.
Source: Auriol, L. (2010), "Careers of doctorate holders: Employment and mobility patterns", OECD science, technology and industry working papers, No. 2010/04, OECD Publishing, ParisAuriol, L., M. Misu and R. Freeman (2013), “Careers of doctorate holders: Analysis of labour market and mobility indicators”, OECD science, technology and industry working papers, No. 2013/4, OECD Publishing, Paris.OECD (2014), "Who are the doctorate holders and where do their qualifications lead them?", Education indicators in focus, No. 25, OECD Publishing, Paris.OECD. (2019b). “What are the characteristics and outcomes of doctoral graduates?”, in Education at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris.
Source: Auriol, L. (2010), "Careers of doctorate holders: Employment and mobility patterns", OECD science, technology and industry working papers, No. 2010/04, OECD Publishing, ParisAuriol, L., M. Misu and R. Freeman (2013), “Careers of doctorate holders: Analysis of labour market and mobility indicators”, OECD science, technology and industry working papers, No. 2013/4, OECD Publishing, Paris.OECD (2014), "Who are the doctorate holders and where do their qualifications lead them?", Education indicators in focus, No. 25, OECD Publishing, Paris.OECD. (2019b). “What are the characteristics and outcomes of doctoral graduates?”, in Education at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris.
Research doctorate recipients from U.S. colleges and universities
Research doctorate recipients from U.S. colleges and universities
Source(s): National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.
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