Growing up, I never really took a deeper look into the artwork that I consumed and the meaning it held when the subject being depicted didn't really look like me or even those around me. I never really gave much of a second thought towards the lack of coverage on people of color and their perspectives in history. To me, it was the natural way of things and didn't question it: white people would always be the center of focus in anything while everyone else is given a second thought if they're lucky. That's just life right?
It wasn't until recent years where I started to question WHY people of color are disregarded in this way, especially in the art industry.
In Chapter 13 from the Humanities Core Handbook, Professor Cooks brings into perspective the way art museums curate their space and how it has upheld a certain standard for what is considered art and what is required of someone to be considered an artist in regards to African Americans. For example, historical artwork depicting African Americans usually have them casted in shadows compared to their White counterpart, such as the case in pieces like the Henry Darnell III by Justice Engelhardt Kühn. Art pieces like these put the reality of what enslaved people faced on the backburner. With a lack of disregard towards showcasing art that puts African Americans in the center, it's up to African Americans themselves to curate their own space and make artwork that shine light on enslavement and in general make art that celebrates Black culture and identity.
In regards to that, for my gallery space I will follow a theme called "Rising from the Ashes and Back into Despair" that showcases the development of the shifting gaze in African American history to the exploration of Black identity in recent times.
In "Twisted Tropes," the main focus of the piece is the little black girl. Her face is cast in a illuminating light, and she is encased in a gold frame. These two features work together to cast the girl in a positive light, to direct the gaze from the rest of the artwork to her. It emphasizes her presence, marking her to be an important person rather than someone who is just fulfilling her role in servitude.
Looking at this artwork and the title, I noticed how the word "twisted" is being used in two different ways. One way is that the artwork is literally being twisted up, save for the little black girl. The second way is that the traditional symbols of wealth and health (like the fruit) being twisted up plays on the trope of how in paintings the main focus was to showcase the wealth of the subject.
In this artwork, I was reminded of Gordan and his story of how he fought in the Civil War for the North that was discussed during lecture. I think it's interesting how the whitewashing technique is being utilized here. In most of his artworks, Kaphar uses this technique to cover up white subjects in order to direct focus towards the black subjects. Here it's used to cover up the man completely minus his rifle and his face. To me, this represents Gordan's role and impact in the Civil War. While he fought to free enslaved people, his picture was used also used to promote the North's cause. He is fighting valiantly but not because he wants to, he HAS to. In a way, it's like he's still being used and profited off of no matter what he does.
In this piece, Wiley is empowering black women. Based on the title, I'd like to think that there is an allusion to the piece Judith Slaying Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi rather than the piece Judith Beheading Holofernes by Caravaggio due to the difference in how active the women are in their respective roles. In Judith Slaying Holofernes, Judith doesn't shy away from the murderous act, portraying her as powerful. Here in this artwork by Wiley, the woman is also confidently portraying her actions. She looks straight at the viewer while posing in a graceful but strong manner as she holds a detached head. Since this piece is very much based on the story of Judith and Holofernes, which is a tale of revenge, the woman holding the white head of someone (who I have no idea who it could be as of writing this) could be symbolic of black women reclaiming their place in the artworld and rising from the struggles they have faced during enslavement and the ones in the present. It's a very uplifting piece I would say.
With the explanation above, Wiley's Judith and Holofernes is my favorite piece in this gallery.
Initially when I looked at this piece I thought this piece was about the evolution of Black identity and how it cannot be contained into one singular identity. I thought this because of how the man's face looks as if it's constantly changing, representing the different faces he puts on based on the environment around him. This idea was further cemented when I read the title to this piece.
However, looking into the background of this piece some more, I came to the realization that this piece was part of Kaphar's exhibition The Jerome Project, in which its main focus was depicting black incarcerated men and to bring focus towards prison reform. With this in mind, I looked back at the artwork in a different perspective.
Now when I look at the artwork, two interpretations come to mind. With the overlay of what seems to be three faces, one way I interpreted this piece is that it represents the effect prison life has on an incarcerated man and how unjust and long the sentences given to Black men tend to be. I thought this because the top half of the faces look younger than the one at the bottom half, which is further contrasted with the graphite. The second interpretation was that the piece actually contains three separate man, and that they are all overlayed one after the other because they share similar fates.
After learning what I did in regards to the previous piece, I feel like this piece speaks out about police brutality, especially since it came from the same exhibition.
Here the people are whitewashed, but their shapes are vaguely indicated by thin black outlines. Most of them are not completely covered either, as you can see the upper half of the two people in the foreground. Other than that, you can't really make out who these people are and where they're from other than what we can gather based off of their skin color.
For me, the combination of the chaotic brushstrokes, the crowd's actions, and the lack of visible facial features reminds me of protests against police brutality and how hard African Americans have to fight in order to be remembered as a person and to receive justice after falling victim to brute police force. While this piece was made in 2014, it sadly still holds a lot weight today.
With this being the final piece of the gallery, this one is the piece that really troubles me the most because it reminds me of how much more needs to be done in regards towards prison and police reform.
After curating my own gallery, I feel like I can say that the order in which something is displayed can really change the tone of how someone engages with a piece. For example, if you were to look at the piece Unfit Description I (fourth artwork) without any of the other pieces or without the context of the exhibition, you can come up with a completely different interpretation than what was intended.
For this activity, it was a bit difficult trying to come up with a way to tie all these pieces together under one theme. I was originally going to include about five more pieces, but I felt that in the end a simpler approach would be best timewise. I did learn about other artists and their cool art, so that's a win! Additionally, I was going to order these pieces in a different arrangement to follow a more hopeful theme about perseverance but ultimately scrapped it and sticked to what I have now.
Overall, this activity really highlighted for me the importance of being able to curate a space and how this idea reflects in the real world in regards to museums and their issues about art standards.
"Chapter Thirteen: What's Wrong with Musuems? African American Artists Review Art History " by Bridget R. Cooks in Humanities Core Handbook: Worldbuilding 2022 - 2023
The Connotations Of Fruit In Art And Still Life Paintings
Professor Cook's Lecture: The Quilts of Gee's Bend
Header Image Source: Artwork by Titus Kaphar in Exhibition The Jerome Project, 2014 : https://www.kapharstudio.com/the-jerome-project-2014/