Committee: Sianne Ngai (Co-Chair), Andrei Pop (Co-Chair), and Tina Post
A Poetics of Apology theorizes apology as a capacious genre by reading precisely those apologies which are often dismissed as such—defense speeches, off-the-cuff quotidian apologetics, and infelicitous and ironic apologies—in order to examine the ways that this genre is used to a variety of effects in politics, literature, and daily life, apart from the generic expectation of producing forgiveness or closure. I track the form of the apology from its traditional iterations in political and legal discourses into a contemporary archive of performance art, anthropological and sociological studies, public monuments, institutional and museum protocols, and customer service policies, alongside works of 20th and 21st Century literature. I identify three characteristic aspects: a narration of a past event, the establishing of a relationship across a binarized apologizer and recipient, and a transformative operation that rewrites the harm through a desire to undo or alter it. I uncover a history of apologies as fraught performatives which are transformative in their expected capacity to repair relationships in the aftermath of harm, but which are also creatively and efficaciously employed across power dynamics. In chapters on queer performance art by Vaginal Davis, José Munoz, Adrian Piper, AA Bronson, and Adrian Stimson, public conversations between James Baldwin and Margaret Meade, novels by James Agee, Walker Evans, and Ralph Ellison, and poetry by Layli Long Solider and Claudia Rankine, I examine how the narrative, relational, and transformative facets of apology are deployed in the context of race relations, class and conversation, and scaled modes of address between indigenous artists and colonial nation-states.
Introduction: Productive Pedagogical Performatives: Speech Act, Defense Speech and Apologia, or, an Argument for the Long Genre of the Apology
Chapter 1: The United States Congressional Resolution of Apology (2009) and Layli Long Soldier’s Whereas (2017)
Coda: Invoking Queer Spirits and Ambivalent Kinship: Articulating Genealogies of Responsibility in AA Bronson and Adrian Stimson’s Public Apology to Siksika Nation (2019)
Chapter 2: The Danger of the Situation, or the Indexical Present of Apology in the Performance Artwork of Adrian Piper and Dr. Vaginal Davis
Chapter 3: Scales of Address and White Manic Reparative Apologetics in James Agee and Walker Evans’ Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941) and Modernist Documentary Literature.
Coda: Confessional Form and the “Right” Wrong: Reading the Apologies in Claudia Rankine’s Citizen (2014)
“Apologetic Forms of Relation and the Indexical Present in the Performance Art of Adrian Piper and Vaginal Davis." Amodern. Issue 11: Body and/as Procedure. https://amodern.net/article/the-danger-of-the-situation/
Interview: "'a historian of the soft tissue': an Interview with Bhanu Kapil." The Palgrave Handbook of European Migration in Literature and Culture. Editors Corina Stan and Charlotte Sussman. Springer International Publishing. In Press. 2024.
Interview: "AA Bronson and Adrian Stimson by Bellamy Mitchell" BOMB Magazine. Issue 165, Fall 2023. https://bombmagazine.org/issues/165/
Review: "Tanya Lukin Linklater, Slow Scrape." Chicago Review. 2022. www.chicagoreview.org/tanya-lukin-linklater-slow-scrape/
"What relationships can one build with indigenous cultural belongings held in museum collections? How do the ethics of access and relation to these objects fray for settler and indigenous audiences? Tanya Lukin Linklater maps her process of answering these questions in Slow Scrape..."
Review: "Nomi Stone, Kill Class." Chicago Review. 2020. www.chicagoreview.org/nomi-stone-kill-class/
“In the beginning, Pineland was somewhat like the Soviet Union. Now, Pineland is somewhat like the Middle East.” Pineland is an amalgam of the fake Middle Eastern villages erected at military bases across the United States, which soldiers inhabit as training before their deployment to any of the number of countries the United States has covertly or overtly invaded, or been in open armed conflict with for several decades..."
Essay: "Compartmentalization, or, Some Thoughts on Boxes." Gulf Coast Magazine. Spring 2018. https://gulfcoastmag.org/online/winter/spring-2018/compartmentalization,-or,-some-thoughts-on-boxes/
"Two sides of what used to be one wooden box hang on the walls of the Smart Gallery in Chicago. At first glance they are unremarkable: vaguely Italian-looking landscapes populated by two vaguely Italian-looking lovers, all flowing hair and slit silk. In the panel on the left, a woman lies improbably across some rocky ground—perhaps sleeping or dead..."
In this paper, I examine the poetics of formal apologies by nation states to colonized populations, engaging both their potential for reparative interpersonal and narrative work, and as tools of narrative control both for the singular or collective apologizing, as well as for the individuals receiving the apology or implicated in its terms. Treating these apologies as part of a narrative genre—inclusive of more codified literary genres such as the apologia—opens the apology as a discursive form that brings ways of relating into relief. Focusing on US Public Law 111-118 and Stephen Harper’s “Statement of apology to former students of Indian Residential Schools,” I open up a way of reading these apologies not so much as empty gestures: rather as actively emptied reparative gestures which anticipate and fend off the possibility of material reparations. I draw out the narrative work of apologetic form, and put pressure on the act of “contextualizing” or invocation that establishes a relationship between apologizer and recipient as the ethical pressure-point of the apologetic form, rather than attending to the speaker’s sincerity or expressions of contrition. I then consider a complementary genre of alter-apologetic literature and artwork that take up the form of the apology in order to leverage a critique of the apologetic relationship and offer different forms of relation in the aftermath of harm. I read works by Layli Long Soldier (Oglala Lakota), Jordan Abel (Nisga’a) and the ongoing collaboration between settler artist AA Bronson and Adrian Stimson (Siksika), A Public Apology to Siksika Nation (2021). The use of lyric and apologetic forms in these works reveals an understanding of the politics of form in their interventions—at the level of grammar and syntax, speaker and listener, line break and world-making—in a politics whose exercises of power come about through justificatory instruments that are bureaucratic, archival, and issued on paper. Their performative and interpersonal intimacy refuses the historicizing gestures and narratives of progress that often structure the apologetics of multicultural liberalism.
This paper examines the formal interventions that several contemporary poets use to examine, by rewriting, the racialized policing of displacement and migration at the level of the bureaucratic strictures of nation-state as well as the interpersonal violence of everyday nationalist encounter. I focus on Divya Victor’s Kith and Curb as part of a larger archive of contemporary poetry—including the work of Solmaz Sharif, Bhanu Kapil—which manipulates the nationalistic enunciations, rituals, and paperwork that occur on (and create) geopolitical and social borders and seams of affiliation and exclusion—margins with deadly consequences for those who migrate across them. Victor’s Curb reckons with the absurdity of the bureaucracies of immigration, the sacrifices that migrants must make in order to become legible to the nation state, what can be lost in that translation onto and into paper, and the ways racialized bodies made so legible are then often misread with deadly consequences. Victor reads the legal proceedings and news coverage of murders of South Asians in public spaces in the United States, alongside DMS coordinates, soundscapes, textures of pavement, metal, and the grass of suburban lawns. She plays with the marks of language and varied pronunciation that are often over-read and shaded into place and race: the dot and the line emerging as bindi, target, and locus of slur, as well as diacritical mark and borderline. Victor by inhabiting the layers of relationship, recognition, and complicity that purport to “naturalize” this deadly quotidian. Victor, and the other poets discussed, use the tactics familiar to documentary poetics in order to open deadly and differential contours of navigating public space, and to illuminate, an accounting of colonial myth of the United States of America that is in Victor’s words, “responsible for the force of feeling and action” that serves to justify murder.
In this paper, I examine the formal interventions that several contemporary works of poetry—particularly Asiya Wadud’s Syncope and Caroline Bergvall’s Drift—use to examine and rewrite the historical archive of the coercive movement of racialized bodies, and the continuing displacements and migrations of the global present. Though these works use many of the recognizable tools of documentary or investigative poetics—estranging and revealing the ideological mechanics and material structures that constituted a historical event by rearranging, fragmenting, and excerpting an archive—the methods by which authors re-arrange their evidence are all insistently aquatic. Certainly, the image-choice is related to the settings of the events at the center of each text and the historical facts of the transatlantic slave trade, but comparison reveals the texts makes use of a set of formal choices enabled by material circumstances of the documentation. The paradigm of the archive as “shipwrecked” or soaked comes with a set of material possibilities that these authors take seriously both as a poetics and as a kind of positional ethics of diffused witnessing and oblique engagement with their archive. Notably, wreck implies rescue, and many of these works situate themselves as criticisms of or attempts at “salvage” by retrieving or preserving from potential loss or adverse circumstances. In this paper, I make use Kamau Braithwaite’s concept of the “tidalectic”, M. NourbeSe Philips’ backmatter in Zong!, and Rizvana Bradley and Denise Ferriera da Silva’s responses to representations of the migrant crisis. I read Wadud and Bergvall’s work as part of a growing archive of contemporary poetry that manipulates a fluid, damaged, and variously fragmented archive to position the reader as spectator of a cataclysm, and as responsible for the aftermath and the logic of recomposing the soggy mess according to the structures—racial, material, political—that enabled it.