Secondary Research Summary

Introduction

Background research was conducted to gain a better understanding of the project scope. Due to the limited and vague problem statement from the client, secondary research provided better insight into the types of problems with the existing Halo system as well as what aspects can be improved. The background research includes:

• components of the halo traction system

• the types of patients using the device

• limitations or drawbacks with the existing device

Device Overview

The halo traction system is a medical device used to stabilize and straighten the spine, often used in orthopedic and neurosurgical situations. It consists of a halo ring, a set of metal pins, a vest/jacket, and external weights used to provide tension along the spine during the straightening process. The halo is connected to the patient's head via pins that are drilled and connected to the patient's outer skull, as depicted in figure 1. External weights are then added onto a pulley system that acts to straighten the patient’s spine, or in other cases, the halo is hung from a rigid beam, using gravity to relieve the patient and their spine from supporting their full body weight. 

Figure 1: arrangement of Halo system on person

In some cases, patients also use wheelchairs to further alleviate the burden from their spine [figure 2]. Additionally, the device acts to reduce the risk of further injury by restricting movement and supporting proper alignment of the spine. 

Figure 2: wheelchairs or walkers or sometimes used

Much like braces for one’s teeth, the halo traction system serves to gradually change the shape of the patient's spine over time. By progressively adding more weight to pull the spine upwards, the initial curvature in the patient’s spine slowly adjusts and straightens out. 

Types of Users

Patients who use the halo traction system are those with mild to severe spinal deformations. These deformations can be due to neurological conditions such as scoliosis and kyphosis, or due to spinal injuries, such as from sports or automobile crashes. Regardless of the reason for use, patients of all ages use the Halo traction system during their rehabilitation process. 

Existing Limitations

Though the device is an effective tool for stabilizing spinal injuries, it does have several limitations. The most prominent challenge is its complexity and lack of adjustability. The halo must be secured via pins connected to the patient’s skull. Therefore, following the pin attachment procedure, the device is not easily adjustable for the patient, let alone be customizable for a group of patients. Additionally, there can be some complications, particularly with the fact that the insertion of metal pins carries a risk of infection or nerve damage. Furthermore, the device can affect patients psychologically in a negative manner, causing them to feel restricted, immobile, or isolated, as depicted below. 

Figure 3: patients confined to bed or walker

Looking Forward

Moving forward, specific information about what parts or components are the most problematic or deficient still needs to be confirmed with the client. The secondary research provided some insight into general improvements that can be applied, such as a customizability function for different patients, or a way method of making the device more comfortable. However, the client mentioned that particular pieces of their device are wearing out, so understanding what part they are referring to will be crucial.

Citations

“Halo-Gravity Traction > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine,” Yale Medicine. [Online]. Available: 1. Accessed: Mar. 31, 2024.

“Halo Traction FAQs | Gillette Children’s,” Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare. [Online]. Available: 2. Accessed: Mar. 31, 2024.

“What is Halo Gravity Traction? | Ability Connection Colorado,” Ability Connection Colorado. [Online]. Available: 3. Accessed: Mar. 31, 2024.