You can identify galena by its cubic shape. It is full of lead - not pencil lead, but lead used in fishing weights.
Graphite is a very soft mineral. It does not form cubic shapes, but this mineral is the one used in pencil "lead". Although it does not have any of the mineral lead in it.
Also called fools gold, pyrite is gold in colour. You can distinguish it from the mineral gold by rubbing it on sandpaper or ceramic. Pyrite will leave a BLACK streak behind. Real gold will leave a yellow streak behind.
Both of these have Iron in them. Magnetite is very magnetic, while Hematite is weakly magnetic. If a magnet sticks to your rock and stays there, it is most likely Magnetite.
If you identified one of the above minerals, please enter it into the survey below: