Lesson 3:
FRAMING THE PROBLEM - CARBON FOOTPRINT
FRAMING THE PROBLEM - CARBON FOOTPRINT
In this lesson students will be introduced to the concepts of the greenhouse gas effect and trends in environmental research data sets. Students will calculate their own carbon footprint. After being introduced to scatter plot graphs, students will use data from the OECD on greenhouse gas emissions to create a graph of their own and identify the line of best fit. They will analyze their graph, identifying trends and make predictions about greenhouse gas emissions in the future. Finally, students review an excerpt from Laudato Si 'and reflect on the fact that God has created us all from the same source and that our lives are intricately tied to everything in creation.
Math
Grade 6:
C1.1 identify and describe repeating, growing, and shrinking patterns, including patterns found in real-life contexts
C1.2 create and translate growing and shrinking patterns using various representations, including tables of values and graphs
D1.3 select from among a variety of graphs, including histograms and broken-line graphs, the type of graph best suited to represent various sets of data; display the data in the graphs with proper sources, titles, and labels, and appropriate scales; and justify their choice of graphs
D1.5 determine the range as a measure of spread and the measures of central tendency for various data sets, and use this information to compare two or more data sets
D2.2 determine and compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of two independent events happening
Grade 7:
C1. identify, describe, extend, create, and make predictions about a variety of patterns, including those found in real-life contexts
D1.3 select from among a variety of graphs, including circle graphs, the type of graph best suited to represent various sets of data; display the data in the graphs with proper sources, titles, and labels, and appropriate scales; and justify their choice of graphs
D1.6 analyze different sets of data presented in various ways, including in circle graphs and in misleading graphs, by asking and answering questions about the data, challenging preconceived notions, and drawing conclusions, then make convincing arguments and informed decisions
D2. describe the likelihood that events will happen, and use that information to make predictions
Grade 8:
C1.1 identify and compare a variety of repeating, growing, and shrinking patterns, including patterns found in real-life contexts, and compare linear growing patterns on the basis of their constant rates and initial values
D1.3 select from among a variety of graphs, including circle graphs, the type of graph best suited to represent various sets of data; display the data in the graphs with proper sources, titles, and labels, and appropriate scales; and justify their choice of graphs
D1.4 create an infographic about a data set, representing the data in appropriate ways, including in tables and circle graphs, and incorporating any other relevant information that helps to tell a story about the data
D2.2 determine and compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of multiple independent events happening and of multiple dependent events happening
Religious Education
Grade 6:
BL1.3: Identify the many ways we come to know God from the physical world and the human person (i.e. creation).
LS1: Understand that each person is responsible for participation in society, to discern, to freely choose their vocation and to make a contribution in the world.
Grade 7:
ML1.3: Summarize the moral teachings of the Church with regard to particular life issues.
LS2.3: Identify situations of injustice in society, our country and the world which oppose the virtue of human dignity and fundamental human rights.
Grade 8:
LS1: Understand that the principle of human dignity, revealed in Scripture (i.e. the belief that the human person is made in the image and likeness of God) requires Christians to work for the common good of all people (i.e. respect for the social nature of the human person) and to participate in society.
LS1.4 Articulate the three essential elements of the Common Good and link them to ecological justice and the universal common good of protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.
LS2: Understand that the principles of responsibility and participation in society are Christian social virtues, which call us to roles of leadership, to evangelize through our witness of the Gospel and through the promotion of social justice in the world.
LS1.3: Recognize signs of the growing human interdependence of the global community and identify ways it is challenging Catholic organizations and individuals in their mission of promoting social justice principles.
ML2.3: Identify some of the moral situations that have arisen in society as a result of globalization, advances in technology and science and examine them in light of the Church’s moral teachings.
Catholic Graduate Expectations:
3. REFLECTIVE, CREATIVE AND HOLISTIC THINKER who solves problems and makes responsible decisions with an informed moral conscience for the common good.
5. A COLLABORATIVE CONTRIBUTOR who finds meaning and dignity and vocation in work which respects the rights of all and contributes to the common good.
6. A CARING FAMILY MEMBER who attends to family, school, parish and the wider community.
7. A RESPONSIBLE CITIZEN who gives witness to Catholic social teaching by promoting peace, justice and the sacredness of human life.
What is data?
What are the various ways data can be represented?
How is data used to inform us about environmental issues?
What is the human impact on the environment?
How does the data support the need for urgent action?
What environmental goals can be developed based on data collection?
How can data motivate a call to action?
How can we use statistics and/or data to help us make informed and ethical choices?
What predictions can be made from studying past and present data?
How can I use data to make informed decisions about what I buy and/or consume?
How can the Gospel or Catholic social teachings help make me become a steward of the earth?
As Catholic Christians, how can we make a positive contribution to society and the world?
How can we work for the common good of all people and be the change we want to see?
Learning Goals:
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
understand, apply and communicate information from data sets.
represent data in various ways.
understand how data is used to assess the effects of environmental issues.
understand that humans are responsible for most environmental issues.
see how data supports the need for urgent action.
use data to make predictions about how environmental issues will evolve.
use data to make informed decisions about what they buy and consume.
connect Gospel and Catholic social teachings to their call to be stewards of the earth.
develop attitudes and values founded on the principles of Catholic social teaching and act to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good.
become models of Christian living for all those we encounter in our daily lives.
I can…
understand, apply and communicate information from data sets.
represent data in various ways.
understand how data is used to assess the effects of environmental issues.
understand that humans are responsible for most environmental issues.
see how data supports the need for urgent action.
use data to make predictions about how environmental issues will evolve.
use data to make informed decisions about what they buy and consume.
connect Gospel and Catholic social teachings to my call to be a steward of the earth.
develop attitudes and values founded on the principles of Catholic social teaching and act to promote social responsibility, human solidarity and the common good.
become a model of Christian living for all those I encounter in my daily life.
Carbon dioxide is a molecule that contains two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. It can be found as a gas in the air, or as a solid in the form of dry ice, which is very cold. Carbon dioxide is produced from breathing and from burning certain substances called fossil fuels.
Carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions.
Catholic stewardship is about being responsible guardians of the earth. Exercising stewardship is caring for the gifts God has given us, including the environment, our own personal talents and other resources.
Conclusions are judgments or decisions reached by reasoning.
Fossil fuels include petroleum (oil), coal, and natural gas. These materials are called fossil fuels because, like fossils, they are the remains of organisms that lived long ago. Organisms are plants, animals, and other living things.
Greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in the earth's atmosphere trap the sun's heat. This process makes the earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes the earth a comfortable place to live (NASA, Climate Kids).
Greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect. The main gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor (which all occur naturally), and fluorinated gases (which are synthetic). (NRDC).
Infographics are visual images such as a chart or diagram used to represent information or data.
Laudato Si' is translated from Latin and means Praise Be to You. It is the second encyclical of Pope Francis. The encyclical has the subtitle "on care for our common home." In it, the pope critiques consumerism and irresponsible development, laments environmental degradation and global warming, and calls all people of the world to take "swift and unified global action."
Likelihood is a subjective assessment of possibility that, when assigned a numerical value on a scale between impossibility (0) and absolute certainty (1), becomes a probability.
Line of best fit refers to a line through a scatter plot of data points that best expresses the relationship between those points.
Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices, land use and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
Patterns in mathematics are a series of data that repeats in a recognizable way.
Predictions are reasonable guesses as to what will happen. Scientists and mathematicians can use data to make a prediction that can be tested.
Probability is the use of numerical descriptions to describe how likely an event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true.
Scatter plot graphs use dots to represent values for two different numeric variables. The position of each dot on the horizontal and vertical axis indicates values for an individual data point. Scatter plots are used to observe relationships between variables.
Trends are patterns in a set of results displayed in a graph.
Water vapor is water that is in the form of a gas.
Ask students: "Do you know what a Carbon Footprint is?" (Listen to students' responses but at this point it is not necessary for students to know the definition in detail as the lesson will build this knowledge).
Ask students to calculate their carbon footprint using the "Carbon Footprint Calculator" by Conservation.org.
Let students know that the whole class will discuss the results of the calculations later in the lesson (ask students to record their result; but, not to share - just yet.)
(Teacher Note: To get started, select individual and skip over the zip code section).
Ask students: "From this calculation can you determine how are carbon and ecological footprints similar and/or different?"
Watch the videos "What is the Greenhouse Effect" from NASA, Climate Kids and "Climate Change: Your Carbon Footprint Explained" from BBC News. The first video will explain what greenhouse gasses are, while the other, will explain the meaning of carbon footprint. Both will help build background knowledge for students.
Discuss with students the videos and take up any questions or points of confusion.
Discuss the results of the carbon footprint calculator with the whole class. Use these questions (or your own) to help guide the conversation:
What do you notice and/or wonder?
Do see any trends?
What is the data telling us?
Can we graph this information?
Watch the video "How to Analyse Trends Found in Graphs" from StudyForce, to help assist with the next few steps.
Introduce the table of data from OECD to show greenhouse gas emissions by country. Take a look at the data for Canada from 1990 to 2018. (*Note: The figures are measured in thousands of tonnes of CO2 emitted).
Have students choose 4 other countries from the chart to compare to Canada (ensure that each group looks at different countries as they compare to Canada, perhaps one country from each of the different continents).
Groups will then use the data from each year of their selected 5 countries (Canada + 4 more), to work in groups. They will create their own scatter plot graphs, looking for the line of best fit in their data. (For more information on scatterplot graphs and line of best fit, check the vocabulary section and/or view the video about scatterplot graphs with students.)
Tell students to keep these questions in mind as they graph: Why are graphs important for this type of information? How does this information help us to understand the environmental issue of greenhouse gas emissions?
After students have time to graph their data, have them analyze, describe and make some predictions based on their graph. Some possible items to consider:
Examine the graph and describe trends in greenhouse gas emissions over the period shown.
Describe some factors that may have influenced these trends over time.
Predict the greenhouse gas emission level for 2030 (imagine no efforts are made to reduce current emissions). Use the graph to explain your prediction.
What do you predict the trend would look like if efforts are taken to reduce green house gas emissions?
Students will then present their graph, predictions and explanations to the class.
*Note: During the graphing activity there is an opportunity for formative assessment (i.e. looking at how students plot their graph, where they place the variables and line of best fit etc.).
Explain to students that according to climate scientists from the Consortium on Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate Change, Canada is warming at twice the rate of other countries. Our tundra and icecaps are being transformed by a global warming, and people living in Arctic Canada are facing increasing hardships due to the effects of thawing permafrost and loss of ice. Their data also shows that Canadians are among the world leaders in per capita greenhouse gas emissions. In his encyclical Laudato Si', Pope Francis clearly states:
"Such renewal and change requires “ecological conversion” (LS, no. 217). This conversion moves us beyond a culture of extreme consumerism towards developing “new convictions, attitudes and forms of life” that reflect a culture of care and an integral ecology (LS, no. 202). It means a change of heart, mind and actions. It means love for all of creation".
We are called to conversion and to change our ways before it is too late. We must integrate this conversion into our whole lives. Ecological conversion means that our prayers will begin to include concern for the earth and vulnerable peoples, as well as justice for future generations.
(Adapted from Living Out Laudato Si - Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops)
Let us pray
Sign ourselves with a sign of our faith
+In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit
A Prayer for Our Earth
All-powerful God, you are present in the whole universe and in the smallest of your creatures. You embrace with your tenderness all that exists. Pour out upon us the power of your love, that we may protect life and beauty. Fill us with peace, that we may live as brothers and sisters, harming no one. O God of the poor, help us to rescue the abandoned and forgotten of this earth, so precious in your eyes. Bring healing to our lives, that we may protect the world and not prey on it, that we may sow beauty, not pollution and destruction. Touch the hearts of those who look only for gain at the expense of the poor and the earth. Teach us to discover the worth of each thing, to be filled with awe and contemplation, to recognize that we are profoundly united with every creature as we journey towards your infinite light. We thank you for being with us each day. Encourage us, we pray, in our struggle for justice, love and peace.
Amen
Pope Francis, Laudato Si’
Canadians need to take this call to ecological conversion seriously. Have students write a letter to their local, provincial or national selected official explaining their concerns about climate change and urge them to act.
Students can explore, hands on, the concept of greenhouse gas emissions through using National Geographic's Greenhouse Effect Exploration Lab Guide. (*Note: In place of sodium bicarbonate tablets, 2 teaspoons of sodium bicarbonate power can be substituted).
Students can look at the the infographic, Global Carbon Footprint by Venngage to get another visual representation of the data they have examined and answer the following question: Although the infographic does not have numbers we can still predict what what each circle represents. If we were going to assign a numerical value to each circle what number would we use from 1-100 (estimation)?
"Carbon Footprint Calculator," by Conservation.org: Link
"What is the Greenhouse Effect," NASA-Climate Kids: Video
"Climate Change: Your Carbon Footprint Explained," BBC News: Video
"How to Analyse Trends Found in Graphs," StudyForce: Video
"How to Make a Scatter Graph," Darron Gedge's Geography Channel: Video
"Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Website
"Living Out Laudato Si': A Commentary and Practical Resource...," Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops: PDF
"A Prayer for Our Earth," Catholic Climate Covenant (adapted from Laudato Si): PDF
"Greenhouse Effect Exploration Lab Guide," National Geographic: Link
"Global Carbon Footprint," Venngage: Link