A century ago, Albert Einstein - a great scientist - developed many of the ideas we have today about relationships between gravity in space. He predicted that something special would happen when two bodies such as planets or stars orbit each other. He believed this kind of movement caused ripples in space. These ripples, known as gravitational waves, would then spread out like ripples in a pond when a stone is dropped through the water's surface. Little did Einstein know 1.3 billion years ago, two massive black holes collided. This collision released massive amounts of energy in a fraction of a second sending gravitational waves in all directions. On September 14, 2015 those waves finally reached Earth and were detected by researchers at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory - LIGO. In 1915, Enstein published a the Theory of Relativity whereby he predicted the existence of gravitational waves. In 1974, physicists discovered that two neutron stars orbiting each other were getting closer in a way similar to what Einstein had predicted. It was not until 2015, when LIGO upgraded their instruments making them more sensitive that they were able to detect the presence of actual gravitational waves - confirming the important piece of Einstein's theory.
Click on the link provided below to view the materials list and detailed instructions for this activity. The Laser Target Card can be found at the end of the materials and procedure list.
You may have noticed that even if you have 20/20 (or perfect) vision, there are still limitations to what you can see unaided with just your eyes. Simple magnification can help extend the limits of what your eyes can see. It can bring images much closer and help us to see the tiniest of details too small or too far away for us to observe otherwise.
In a simple magnifier, if the object we wish to magnify is positioned between the lens and the focal point a virtual, upright, and enlarge image is obtained. Using the illustration to the right, there are three different rays shown.
1. A ray leaving the object parallel to the optical axis will bend at the lens and go through the focal point.
2. A ray leaving the object goes through the center of the lens going directly ahead from one point to another without veering or turning.
3. A ray leaving the object as if it came from the focal point will bend at the lens and parallel the optical axis. After passing through the lens these described rays will appear to come from an enlarged, upright image.
Thin piece of cardboard with a 1 inch square hole (4"x4")
Tape
Jars or glasses of different sizes
Water
Newspaper or magazine (to magnify)