The Kankanaey people primarily reside in the northern part of Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines. They are concentrated in the Cordillera Administrative Region, specifically in areas within the Mountain Province and parts of Benguet. This region is known for its rugged terrain, high altitudes, and steep, mountainous landscapes, which significantly influence the lifestyle and culture of the Kankanaey. 

This Cordillera region has historically isolated the Kankanaey and other indigenous groups from the lowland areas and outside influences, preserving their unique cultural practices. also, one of the most striking features of the region where the Kankanaey live is the ancient rice terraces, some of which are over 2,000 years old and are often referred to as the "Eighth Wonder of the World." The rice terraces, such as those in Banaue and other areas, are carved into the mountainsides and are a testament to the ingenuity of the Igorot peoples, including the Kankanaey, in adapting their agricultural practices to the steep landscapes. The geography also includes numerous rivers and valleys that are crucial for the agriculture and daily life of the Kankanaey. These rivers are sources of water for irrigation, daily use, and also play significant roles in the cultural and spiritual aspects of Kankanaey life.