Sources

Do You Need a Lobotomy? Just Look at the Results From These Before and After Photo Comparisons of Lobotomy Patients (2018, December 27). In Vintage Everyday. Retrieved from https://www.vintag.es/2018/12/lobotomy-before-and-after.html

This primary source talks about lobotomies and how they can truly impact a patient’s life. This article shows multiple patients, what happened to them, and what they looked like before and after, and how they acted before and after.

Hanton, A. (2009, June 24). Top 10 Fascinating And Notable Lobotomies. In Listverse. Retrieved from https://listverse.com/2009/06/24/top-10-fascinating-and-notable-lobotomies/

This primary source talks about ten famous individuals that had lobotomies performed mainly by Dr. Walter Freeman himself. This article talks about the individuals that had the procedures performed if they had multiple, and how it came to affect them later on.

Isay, D., & Kochhar, P. (2005, November 16). My Lobotomy. StoryCorps. Retrieved October 13, 2021, from https://storycorps.org/stories/my-lobotomy/.

This source is a primary source that talks about Dr. Walter Freeman in general and discusses some of the patients he treated by completing lobotomies and how some of those patient’s outcomes affected their lives in the end.

The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and His Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness by Jack El-Hai

• This book written by Jack El-Hai discusses one of the darkest chapters of American medicine: the attempt to treat the hundreds of thousands of psychiatric patients during the middle decades of the twentieth century, and how Dr. Walter Freeman came up with an idea, a medical procedure, on how to combat mental illness.

The rise & fall of the prefrontal lobotomy (2007, July 24). In Science Blogs. Retrieved from https://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/2007/07/24/inventing-the-lobotomy

This secondary source talks about the lobotomy and how it began, the generational differences that have occurred over the years, and how Walter Freeman help to change the course of the procedure. It discusses how Dr. Freeman learned of the procedure and how he hoped that it would change the world of brain surgery and how he believed that it would help the sick.

Day, E. (2008, January 13). He was bad, so they put an ice pick in his brain... In The Guardian. Retrieved from

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/jan/13/neuroscience.medicalscience

This source is a first-hand account of Howard Dully’s experience with having a lobotomy., performed by Dr. Freeman, and how it affected Dully then and in his future. It discusses how Dully felt when going in for the procedure and how it felt that it affected him in the future, along with talking about other things that Dr. Freeman did.

'My Lobotomy': Howard Dully's Journey (2005, November 16). In NPR Public Broacasting. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2005/11/16/5014080/my-lobotomy-howard-dullys-journey

This source is an NPR article that talks about Howard Dully and how his experience with having a lobotomy performed by Dr. Freeman and how it affected Dully then and in his future. It discusses how Dully felt when going in for the procedure and how it felt that it affected him in the future, along with talking about other things that Dr. Freeman did to thousands of other people.

Lewis, T. (2014, August 28). Lobotomy: Definition, Procedure & History. In Live Science. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/42199-lobotomy-definition.html

This article in general discusses what a lobotomy is, how it came to be, and how it can affect a human, while also stating what it is supposed to be able to treat. This article takes readers back to before the procedure even had a proper name back to a time when doctors were just trying to change the brain to calm patients.

Faria, Jr., M. A. (2013, April 5). Violence, mental illness, and the brain – A brief history of psychosurgery: Part 1 – From trephination to lobotomy. In Surgical Neurology International. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640229/

This article is discussing a brief history of psychosurgery, what that exactly is, how it has evolved over the years, why it began, and some of the earliest cases on the matter of mental health, traumatic brain injuries, and what can become of a person that has endured any of those things.

El-Hai, J. (2001, February 4). The Lobotomy. In The Washington Post . Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2001/02/04/the-lobotomist/630196c4-0f70-4427-832a-ce04959a6dc8/

This article discusses Dr. Freeman and how his upbringing along with his medical career before the life of lobotomies was. It discusses how he became a household name and how his advances in brain surgery made way across the whole United States sparking a wave of psychiatric surgery from the 1930s to the 1950s.