Physics
'An upper ability student in physics needs strong mathematical skills. They can confidently use and rearrange formulae, show clear working and use units and significant figures correctly. They have excellent problem-solving & critical thinking and a deep understanding of practical skills. They can identify apparatus correctly and interpret graphs, tables and experimental results accurately. They also need the ability to interpret exam questions by developing models, explaining phenomena and understanding scientific methods and be able to consistently apply scientific concepts to real-world scenarios, moving beyond just memorisation to true understanding.'
Biology
'An upper ability biology student demonstrates a deep conceptual understanding of biological concepts, critical application and analytical skills. Moving beyond simple recall they have the ability to explain why things happen and apply this understanding to unfamiliar scenarios and novel contexts. They have the ability to use complex scientific vocabulary to link ideas synoptically possibly referencing multiple points. The upper ability biologist will have a solid grasp of mathematical skills enabling the analysis and interpretation of data using a range of approaches. Their curiosity promotes an intrinsic motivation to explore and understand biology concepts and systems.'
Chemistry
'An upper ability chemistry student has the ability to analyse unfamiliar data and apply abstract logic to draw conclusions. They possess the mathematical skills to execute multi-step calculations while maintaining consistent accuracy. Beyond simple recall, they demonstrate evaluative skills, critically analysing the validity of methods, identifying specific sources of error, and interpreting data through advanced graphical techniques. Finally, they exhibit the literacy skills to decode command words and provide theory-dense explanations of observable chemical properties and changes, in addition to just describing trends.'