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Increasing access to energy is critical to ensuring socioeconomic development in the world's poorest countries. An estimated 1.5 billion people in developing countries have no access to electricity, with more than 80 per cent of these living in sub-Saharan Africa or South Asia. The problem is most acute in remote areas: 89 per cent of people in rural sub-Saharan Africa live without electricity, which is more than twice the proportion (46 per cent) in urban areas. For these people, even access to a small amount of electricity could lead to life-saving improvements in agricultural productivity, health, education, communications and access to clean water.
Solar cell is an electronic device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. Waves containing wavelength in visible region contain photons. These photons excite electrons present in solar cell, creating electron-hole pairs in the p-n junction diode. Hence an electric potential (voltage) is created between two diodes. Required condition is that the light wave must have enough energy to overcome potential barrier of the diode, for excitation.
We can increase efficiency of solar cell by fabricating polystyrene nanospheres over the substrate solar cell, which will reduce reflectance of light from surface. Among various methods of fabrication, NSL requires lesser equipment, time and processing cost. The different procedures under NSL include dip coating, spin coating and interface coating.
Nanosphere lithography with solar cell when employed will improve the efficiency of energy generation. It is also utilized to improve wind and geothermal power generation, energy storage, lighting and hydrogen fuel cells among others renewable energy applications. In the area of energy generation, the greatest application of seems to be in the area of efficiently harnessing solar energy using PV cells. Efficient PV system has a lot of potential for overcoming the energy supply challenges in developing countries. It is very convenient for powering street lights and for charging inverters which are becoming a very good alternative to the usual fossil fuel powered electric generators predominantly used presently to augment the epileptic power supply in developing countries.
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