People have been making lithophanes for hundreds of years out of ivory, porcelain, and wood. They are formed by intricately carving a single-color piece of material, then backlighting it so that subtle differences in light and dark are created by the depth of the material. Today, we can follow a similar process and 3D print lithophanes!
These links explain how to create Lithophanes using a website called 3dp.rocks and TinkerCAD: https://www.robmorrill.com/lithophanes & https://www.robmorrill.com/3d-design-and-printing (scroll to the bottom of this one) If you are 3D printing your own, definitely look at these for recommended print settings!
The videos below explain how to create a lithophane using 3dp.rocks and Onshape
Part 1 (Creating a lithophane from a picture & importing to Onshape)
Part 2 (Creating a frame in Onshape)
Pick your image (you may wish to convert it to black and white first, but it's not required) & save to your device.
Watch Part 1 video to create your lithophane, download it & import to Onshape. (Settings for 3dp.rocks are shown in pictures also)
Create a frame in Onshape (Part 2 video) <See Google Classroom assignment for requirements>
Original Image
In Onshape with frame
STL file exported from Onshape
3D print
3D print with light