• Wiring mini bread board

Bread board row- - - > connect to Arduino 5V pin

• Wiring Horizontal/x-axis sensor:

VCC  - - - > connect to 5V breadboard row

GND (ground) - - - > connect to Arduino GND 

 Trig - - - > connect to Arduino digital pin 2

 Echo - - - > connect to Arduino digital pin 3

• Wiring Vertical/y-axis sensor:

VCC  - - - > connect to 5V breadboard row

GND (ground) - - - > connect to Arduino GND 

 Trig - - - > connect to Arduino digital pin 4

 Echo - - - > connect to Arduino digital pin 5

The sensor attaches to digital pins 2 and 3 is the horizontal/x-axis sensor. The sensor attached to digital pins 4 and 5 is the vertical/y-axis sensor. 

Extending Wires for Ultrasonic sensors

• Strip a small section of insulation off each wire end, then twist and connect the matching wires (e.g., signal to signal, ground to ground, etc.).
  
  

• For a stronger and safer connection, slide a piece of heat shrink tubing over one end before twisting the wires together.
  
  

• After connecting, position the heat shrink over the joint and seal it by applying heat using a blow dryer or heat gun until it tightens snugly around the connection.
  
  

• Repeat for each wire you are extending.
  
  

• Make sure all extended wires are properly insulated and not under tension during use.

Setting up the HUB:

Simply place the wired arduino leonardo within the 3D printed hub shell, and place the mini breadboard on top. Then, cover it with the top of the 3D printed shell, making sure the holes on either side line up. 

Once everything is in place, feel free to heat-shrink/ tie all of the wires together for extra tidiness 

Loading Code Onto Arduino Leonardo:

Copy the code and paste it into a sketch via the Arduino IDE app.

Plug the Arduino Leonardo into your computer and run the code. 

Important Notes!:

If the sensors are moving whilst picking up readings that are within the designated deadzone, it is most likely an issue with the individual sonar sensor. To fix, simply adjust the deadzones by going to lines 10-18 within the code.  

Code for the Ultrasonic controller:

#include <Keyboard.h>

#include <Mouse.h>

// Sensor pins

const int trigPin1 = 2, echoPin1 = 3; // Left-Right sensor

const int trigPin2 = 4, echoPin2 = 5; // Up-Down sensor

// Fixed Deadzone values as per user request

// Up-Down Sensor: Moves DOWN below 2.3, UP above 4.6

const float deadzoneMinUD = 2.3;

const float deadzoneMaxUD = 4.6;

// Left-Right Sensor: Moves RIGHT below 2.3, LEFT above 4.6

const float deadzoneMinLR = 2.3;

const float deadzoneMaxLR = 4.6;

const float maxRange = 6.05; // Maximum effective range for the sensors in inches, as requested

const int moveSpeed = 10;    // Constant mouse movement speed (binary)

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for debugging

  Keyboard.begin();   // Initialize Keyboard library

  Mouse.begin();      // Initialize Mouse library

  // Set pin modes for ultrasonic sensors

  pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);

  pinMode(trigPin2, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echoPin2, INPUT);

  Serial.println("Ultrasonic Mouse Initialized with Fixed Deadzones.");

  Serial.print("LR Deadzone: "); Serial.print(deadzoneMinLR, 2); Serial.print(" - "); Serial.println(deadzoneMaxLR, 2);

  Serial.print("UD Deadzone: "); Serial.print(deadzoneMinUD, 2); Serial.print(" - "); Serial.println(deadzoneMaxUD, 2);

  Serial.print("Max Detection Range: "); Serial.println(maxRange, 2);

  Serial.println("--------------------------------------------------");

}

void loop() {

  // Measure distances from both sensors

  float distanceLR = measureDistance(trigPin1, echoPin1);

  float distanceUD = measureDistance(trigPin2, echoPin2);

  // Print current sensor readings and deadzones for debugging

  Serial.print("UD_Reading: "); Serial.print(distanceUD, 2);

  Serial.print(" | UD_MinDZ: "); Serial.print(deadzoneMinUD, 2);

  Serial.print(" | UD_MaxDZ: "); Serial.print(deadzoneMaxUD, 2);

  Serial.println(); // Newline for cleaner output

  int dx = 0; // Change in X-coordinate for mouse movement

  int dy = 0; // Change in Y-coordinate for mouse movement

  // === Up-Down Binary Movement Logic ===

  // Moves DOWN when detecting anything below 2.3

  if (distanceUD != -1 && distanceUD < deadzoneMinUD) {

    dy = moveSpeed; // Positive dy for down movement

    Serial.println("UD Action: Triggered DOWN");

  }

  // Moves UP when detecting anything above 4.6

  else if (distanceUD != -1 && distanceUD > deadzoneMaxUD) {

    dy = -moveSpeed; // Negative dy for up movement

    Serial.println("UD Action: Triggered UP");

  } else {

    // If distanceUD is -1 (out of range/no pulse) or within the deadzone

    Serial.println("UD Action: No Movement (Within Deadzone or Out of Range)");

  }

  // === Left-Right Binary Movement Logic ===

  // Moves RIGHT when detecting anything below 2.3

  if (distanceLR != -1 && distanceLR < deadzoneMinLR) {

    dx = moveSpeed; // Positive dx for right movement

    Serial.println("LR Action: Triggered RIGHT");

  }

  // Moves LEFT when detecting anything above 4.6

  else if (distanceLR != -1 && distanceLR > deadzoneMaxLR) {

    dx = -moveSpeed; // Negative dx for left movement

    Serial.println("LR Action: Triggered LEFT");

  } else {

    // If distanceLR is -1 (out of range/no pulse) or within the deadzone

    Serial.println("LR Action: No Movement (Within Deadzone or Out of Range)");

  }

  // Apply combined mouse movement if there's any change

  if (dx != 0 || dy != 0) {

    Mouse.move(dx, dy, 0); // Move the mouse by dx and dy

    Serial.print("Mouse Moved: dx="); Serial.print(dx); Serial.print(", dy="); Serial.println(dy);

  } else {

    Serial.println("Mouse Not Moved.");

  }

  Serial.println("--------------------------------------------------"); // Separator for each loop iteration

  delay(20); // Small delay for basic smoothing and to prevent excessive CPU usage

}

// === Measure Distance Function ===

// Measures distance using an ultrasonic sensor

float measureDistance(int trigPin, int echoPin) {

  // Clear the trigPin by setting it LOW for 2 microseconds

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  delayMicroseconds(2);

  // Set the trigPin HIGH for 10 microseconds to send a pulse

  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

  delayMicroseconds(10);

  // Set the trigPin LOW to stop the pulse

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Measure the duration of the pulse on the echoPin

  // Timeout of 30000 microseconds (30 ms) to prevent infinite waiting

  long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH, 30000);

  // Convert the duration to distance in inches

  // Speed of sound in air is approximately 343 meters/second (at 20C).

  // This translates to about 0.0135 inches per microsecond for the sound's round trip.

  // The 'duration' is the round trip time, so we divide by 2 for the one-way distance.

  float distance = duration * 0.0135 / 2.0; // Adjusted constant for inches

  // Return -1 if no pulse was detected (duration is 0)

  // Or if distance exceeds the specified maxRange

  if (duration == 0 || distance > maxRange) {

    return -1; // Indicate an invalid or out-of-range reading

  }

  return distance;

}

Everything is printable, simply take all the pieces and put them together, plaing the ultrasonic sensors in the designated positions!