1. Demo

1. Observe video of Northern Lights below.
2. Provide a hypothetical explanation.

2. Activity (Spectroscopy)

Part I: Optical Spectrometer

Part II: Spectra Drawings

1. Observe the spectrum for white light.
2. Record using camera and Google Science Journal (turn off flash).
3. Repeat process for all other light sources.

Part III: Northern Lights Revised (*)

1. Analyze spectra pictures and discuss with your team.
2. Revise your Northern Lights hypothesis given your spectra pictures from different light sources.

3. Demo

• Fireworks.

4. Activity (Flame Tests)

Part I: Flame Tests

1. Perform a Flame Test for the below, and record the resulting color.
   • Lithium
   • Sodium
   • Potassium
   • Calcium
   • Barium
   • Strontium
   • Copper

Part II: Spectra Drawings

1. Repeat process using your Spectrometer. Record resulting spectra for each Flame Test.
2. Revise your Northern Lights hypothesis using your spectra observations from Flame Test initiated light sources.
3. Present your revision on a whiteboard using words and diagrams.
4. Click here to reveal solution.

5. Demo

6. Notes (subatomic particles & molar mass)

• Click here.

7. Warm Up

1. Electric Pickle with 38 protons.
2. Homework review.
3. Complete the following:
   1. Draw a picture of an atom whose electrons are transitioning from "ground" to "excited" state. Explain what you would observe.
   2. List the protons, neutrons, electrons and mass average for 5 atoms of your choice.

8. Homework Quiz

• Click here.

9. Warm Up

1. Homework review.
2. How many moles of ozone, O3, are in a 15.9 gram sample?

10. Homework Quiz

• Click here.

11. Activity (Hydrate analysis)

• Much of the water on the surface of Mars is in the form of hydrated salts. Hydrated salts are crystalline salt molecules that contain loosely attached water molecules in a definite proportion. When hydrated salts are gently heated, the water evaporates leaving the dry salt behind. The PIXL (see image below) is responsible for obtaining samples of hydrated salts. The PIXL then systematically analyzing the percentage of water by mass and reports that value back to NASA. Your challenge is to, using the materials and pre-lab notes provided, determine the percentage of water by mass in the two different hydrated salts provided. Outline a clear procedure before you begin, and collect all data in an organized, labeled, chart or table.

12. Warm Up

1. Determine the percentage of water, and moles of water in your sample of hydrated salt? Record answers on the board.
2. What element do you hypothesize is present in the salt?

13. Review

1. Topic 1 Book Team (Lily, Iain, Atticus --Mandatory test entry ticket).
2. Click here.

14. Quiz

1. Finish Kahoots.
2. Topic 1 Quiz