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We are so glad that you are here and ready to deep dive into fluency instruction. Use this quick overview as a way to guide you through this learning module. You can print this page or make a copy to enable the checklist feature. Please reach out to your site coach or a district TOSA if you have questions or need additional support. Happy learning!
WHAT IS FLUENCY?
WHAT IS FLUENCY?
Fluency is the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. In order for children to understand what they are reading, they must be able to read fluently aloud or silently in phrases and with intonation (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2014).
WHY TEACH FLUENCY?
WHY TEACH FLUENCY?
"As part of a developmental process of building decoding skills, fluency can form a bridge to reading comprehension," (Pikulski & Chard, as cited in Honig, Diamond, & Gutlohn, 2018).
The top 12 benefits of authentic fluency instruction and activities are:
1. Improves word recognition accuracy.
2. Improves automatic word recognition.
3. Improves oral (and silent) reading expression.
4. Improves reading comprehension and overall reading proficiency.
5. Allows reading to be a joyful act through performance of texts.
6. Provides an authentic reason for repeated reading (rehearsal).
7. Improves students' self-confidence as readers.
8. Allows even struggling readers to become reading stars.
9. Expands the variety of reading available for students.
10. Unifies all types of learners in a community experience.
11. Increases reading time at school.
12. Can become a great home-school connection.
Rasiniski & Cheesman Smith, 2018
WHEN TO TEACH FLUENCY?
WHEN TO TEACH FLUENCY?
Assessment will determine which students need fluency instruction and their particular area of weakness. Struggling readers may need to focus primarily on accuracy (word recognition), rate, prosody, or a combination of all three.
In K-2, students should have daily modeled opportunities to hear text read aloud in a fluent and expressive manner. Students should participate in guided oral readings of familiar texts with corrective feedback starting in 1st grade and grow towards multisyllabic word automaticity in 2nd.
In 3-5, students shift towards more difficult and complex text which contribute to vocabulary, background knowledge, and reading comprehension. As students continue daily practice reading aloud with corrective feedback, they are connecting phrasing, expression, and multisyllabic automaticity as they read.
In 6 and beyond, most students will not substantially increase their oral fluency rate and accuracy. However, students need ample time to practice reading a wide range of text to ensure they continue to learn content specific vocabulary.
HOW TO TEACH FLUENCY?
HOW TO TEACH FLUENCY?
General Principles of Fluency Instruction
General Principles of Fluency Instruction
Research shows that reading fluency instruction is a vital part of every reading program. Because practice develops fluency, it is important that every student has sufficient practice reading connected text at the right level and students are taught fluency in a variety of direct teaching methods that provide increased opportunities for practice with corrective feedback.
To develop fluency, students, with teacher assistance, must work on the three elements of fluent reading: accuracy, rate, and prosody (expression). These elements are intertwined and should be well-planned, systematic and explicit in instruction.
In this linked document, will find resources that outline the components of fluency. As always, make decisions about lesson delivery that are most appropriate to meet the needs of your students.
RESOURCES
RESOURCES
Interested in learning more about fluency? Check out the Learn More page for resources!
MAP Fluency
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