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These flutes have windways to control the airflow and create the sound. This makes the sound easy to create at the expense of dynamic range and pitch bending.
Flutes of the family known as fipple flutes or internal duct flutes—whistle-like instruments such as the recorder, tin whistle, whistle, fujara, and ocarina have a duct that directs the air onto the edge (an arrangement that is termed a "fipple"). This gives the instrument a distinct timbre which is different from non-fipple flutes and makes the instrument easier to play, but takes a degree of control away from the musician. Usually, fipple flutes are not referred to as flutes, even though the physics, technique and sound are similar.
The tin whistle, also called the whistle, pennywhistle, flageolet, or Irish whistle, is a simple six-holed woodwind instrument. The Irish words for the instrument are feadóg ('whistle' or 'flute') or feadóg stáin ('tin whistle'); feadóga stáin is the plural.
The recorder is end-blown and the mouth of the instrument is constricted by a wooden plug, known as a block or fipple. It is distinguished from other members of the family by having holes for seven fingers (the lower one or two often doubled to facilitate the production of semitones) and one for the thumb of the uppermost hand. The bore of the recorder is occasionally cylindrical but is usually tapered slightly, being widest at the mouthpiece end.
Pipe and tabor is a pair of instruments played by a single player, consisting of a three-hole pipe played with one hand, and a small drum played with the other.
The ocarina, and especially the popular variation sometimes called the sweet potato ocarina, is an ancient flute-like wind instrument. It is one of the oldest musical instruments on Earth. It usually is made up of an oval-shaped enclosed space and four to thirteen finger holes, though there are some variations on the standard design. A mouth tube projects from it. It is often ceramic, but many other materials may also be used, including plastic, wood, glass, and metal.
Americas
Andean fipple flutes:
The moseño is a long, dual-tube bamboo flute with a deep sound. The auxiliary tube acts as an aeroduct.youtube videos: Moseñada Instrumentos Ramos, Moseño
The pinquillo, which is similar in look and operation to a recorder;
The tarka (or tharqa), which also operates like a recorder but is comparatively shorter and quite angular in shape, requires greater breath, and has a darker, more penetrating sound;
The Native American flute is the only flute in the world constructed with two air chambers - there is a wall inside the flute between the top (slow) air chamber and the bottom chamber which has the whistle and finger holes. The top chamber also serves as a secondary resonator, which gives the flute its distinctive sound. There is a hole at the bottom of the "slow" air chamber and a (generally) square hole at the top of the playing chamber. A block (or "bird") is tied on top of the flute. In a plains flute, a spacer is added or a channel is carved into the block itself to form a thin, flat air stream for the whistle hole (or "window"). In contrast, a woodlands flute has the channel carved into the top of the flute, allowing for a less reedy sound.
The "traditional" North American Native American flute was constructed using measurements based on the body - the length of the flute would be the distance from armpit to wrist, the length of the top air chamber would be one fist-width, the distance from the whistle to the first hole also a fist-width, the distance between holes would be one thumb-width, and the distance from the last hole to the end would generally be one fist-width. Flutes would be made from river cane, bamboo or a local wood.
The flutopedia site has lots of history and photos on the Native America flute.
Columbia: Kuisi bunsi and kuisi sigi There are male and female versions of the kuisi (or gaita, the Spanish for pipe). The female kuisi bunsi (also rendered kuisi abundjí in Spanish ) is also commonly known as a gaita hembra in Spanish, and has 5 holes; the male kuisi sigi (or kuisi azigí) is called a gaita macho in Spanish and has two holes.
Modern Kuisis are between 70 and 80 centimetres long, a length traditionally defined by the arm length of the luthier. Kogi built kuisis are reported to be up to two feet, or 60 centimetres, long. and constructed from cane (carrizo) by the flautist himself (never a woman). The length being measured as 3 times the span between extended thumb and little finger plus the span between extended thumb and index finger. The holes are then located with a distance between them measured by the width of two fingers plus half the width of the thumb. They are constructed from a cactus (Selenicereus grandiflorus) which is bored and whose thorns are cut. The center is removed, first moistening and then boring with an iron stick. The cactus stem is thicker at one of its ends, this will go upside and coupled with the bee wax head which carries the feather mouth piece. Though the instrument is slightly conic on the outside, its perforation is cylindrical.The kuisi bunsi has five tone holes, but only four of them are used when performing: the lower tone hole is rarely used, but when used, the upper tone hole is closed with wax. The lower tone hole of the kuisi sigi is rarely used.
The instrument’s head, called a fotuto in Spanish, is made with bee wax mixed with charcoal powder to prevent the wax melting in high temperatures, which also gives the head it a characteristic black color. The mouth piece, a quill made from a large bird feather, is encrusted in this bee wax-charcoal head, with an angle and a distance to the edge of the air column which varies from instrument to instrument. Since construction is not serial, the only instrument which matches the tuning of a particular kuisi bunsi (female) is the kuisi sigi (male) constructed to accompany it. Their lengths correspond and the position of the two tone holes of the kuisi sigi matches the position of the lower tone holes of the kuisi bunsi.
Europe
The fujara is a huge folk shepherd's fipple flute of unique design, originating from Slovakia. It is typically 150-170 cm long, tuned in G (A and F are also available). It has three tone holes located on the lower part of the main body. It is very similar to the moseño of the Andes.
Diple, dvojnice or dvojanke (pluralia tantum) are a traditional woodwind musical instrument in Serbian music and Croatian music. Diple is a flute, but quite specific in that it is made in double (hence the name): it has a double mouthpiece, two windways, two labiums and two pipes, played by the left, and the other one by the right hand. Usually the right hand plays the melody while the left follows it with bass.
Seljefloyte (Willow Flute )
This Norwegian/Scandinavian folk instrument was originally made by wriggling the bark off a willow twig in the Spring. A wood plug with a groove was put in one end and a sound hole cut where the plug reached inside the flute. The player blows into the opening between the shaped plug and the bark. The flute is "overblown" and produces the notes of the harmonic scale. It has no finger holes, but by stopping the end of the flute one gets another set of notes and together they form a complete set of harmonic notes. Nowadays flutes are made from PVC/birchwood or metal/birchwood. In Romania and the Ukraine a similar flute is called a Tilinca, in Uganda it is called Ludaya. Overblown flutes are also found in Mongolia and South Africa.
Africa
The atenteben is a bamboo flute from Ghana. It is played vertically, like the European recorder, and, like the recorder, can be played diatonically as well as chromatically. Although originally used as a traditional instrument (most often in funeral processions), beginning in the 20th century it has also been used in contemporary and classical music. Several players have attained high levels of virtuosity and are able to play Western as well as African music on the instrument.
Asia
The khloy is a vertical duct flute from Cambodia. It is generally made of bamboo.
Thai khlui ( ขลุ่ย ). Playing on youtube.
Khlui Lip: the smallest-sized khlui, measuring 36 cm. in length and 2 cm. in width.
Khlui Phiang Aw: the middle-sized khlui, measuring 45-46 cm. in length and 4 cm. in width.
Khlui U: the largest-sized khlui measuring 60 cm. in the length and 4.5 cm. in width.
Thailand: The khlui (Thai: ขลุ่ย, Thai pronunciation: [kʰlùj]) is a vertical duct flute. It is generally made of bamboo, though instruments are also made from hardwood or plastic. It comes in three sizes: khlui lib (ขลุ่ยหลิบ; small 36 cm.), khlui phiang aw (ขลุ่ยเพียงออ; medium), and khlui u (ขลุ่ยอู้; large).
The khlui once had a buzzing membrane similar to the Chinese di mo, but this is not used today.
Suling is an Indonesian/Philippine flute made out of bamboo used in gamelan ensembles. Depending on the regional genre, suling can be tuned into different scales. Suling can be found in the following regions:
Sundanese (West Java), Indonesia
Javanese (Central Java), Indonesia
Balinese, Indonesia
Maguindanaoan, Philippine
a suling is made of 'tamiang' bamboo (Schizostachyum blumei, Nees), a long tube bamboo which has very thin surface. The head of suling, near a small hole, is circled with a thin-band made of rattan to produce air vibration.
The tumpong is a type of Philippine bamboo flute used by the Maguindanaon, half the size of the largest bamboo flute, the palendag. A fipple type flute, the tumpong makes a sound when players blow through a bamboo reed placed on top of the instrument and the air stream produced is passed over an airhole atop the instrument.
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