Nature of Science
Background
Science for All Americans Chapter 1 - The Nature of Science
http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/chap1.htm
Understanding Science
http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/intro_01
The Myth of the Magical Scientific Method
http://www.dharma-haven.org/science/myth-of-scientific-method.htm
Activities
Dogs and Turnips
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/dynamic/session4/sess4_act1.htm
Dogs and Turnips (downloadable resources here)
https://middleschoolscience.com/2015/02/16/dogs-and-turnips-dt-activity/
The Extra Piece
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/431-the-extra-piece