Rețele de calculatoare

Cerințe pentru examen:

• 1. Examen grilă valorând 50% din nota finală. Materia pentru examen este ce s-a predat la curs.

  2. Cursul online de Fundamentele rețelelor de calculatoare de la Cisco (găsiți modalitatea de înscriere la curs pe pagina voastră de Facebook). Parcurgerea acestui curs valorează 50% din nota finală de la Rețele de calculatoare, dar nu în sensul că voi lua în considerare notele pe care le obțineți la examenele din curs, ci în sensul că voi lua în considerare activitatea desfășurată în curs (ca instructor pot vedea ce ați făcut efectiv, ce ați deschis, cât ați stat, cât ați stat pe un examen etc. :D). Deci, dacă sunteți “șmecheri” și cautați răspunsurile pe net și dați doar examenele în viteză, ghici ce … v-ați dat singuri un șut în c&#. Așa că notele pe care le luați la examene în acest curs sunt valabile doar pentru amorul vostru propriu. Distracție plăcută.

Istorie

• The History Of Computers, Programming, and Coding: A Not Boring Introduction - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4d3FXu9-3I 

• The History of Computer Networking - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5LjE77IHmk 

• A History of Network Innovation 1948-2022 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnWrg_Z9zTk 

• The Internet: The World's Greatest Megaproject - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WN-KQ5Y_4kI 

• How the Internet Crossed the Sea | Nostalgia Nerd - YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8q7Ayvw5kA 

În loc de început

• Computer Networking in 100 Seconds - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keeqnciDVOo 

Orientare în carieră

• https://www.comptia.org/content/it-careers-path-roadmap/it-networking-specialist 

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4KwAQrEQ0s - DATA CENTRE 101 | WHAT CERTIFICATIONS DO YOU NEED TO WORK IN A DC? CCNA? ANY AT ALL?!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9LZZ4ur-bU - 2023 Network Engineer path to success: CCNA?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HemWKwd2AvM - Your path to success || Network Engineer in 2021

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzooeiGxKis - Any future for Network Engineers?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grS__DS3v7c - The top 10 skills Network Engineers need to learn in 2019!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmnRf0HCy_Q - 2019 CCNA future? Ivan Pepelnjak: The straight talking genius tells us what's important! CCNA | SDN

Tutoriale text 

• E-Tuts, Computer Networking Tutorial — E-Tuts, Computer Networking Tutorial

• Georgia Tech, Computer Networking — Georgia Tech, Computer Networking

• Lantronix, Networking Tutorials — Lantronix, Networking Tutorials

• Stanford University, Introduction to Computer Networking — Stanford University, Introduction to Computer Networking

• StudyTonight, Computer Networks Course, tutorial — StudyTonight, Computer Networks Course, tutorial

• Tutorial de comunicatii de date si retele de calculatoare — Tutorial de comunicatii de date si retele de calculatoare. Curs produs de TutorialsPoint.com 

• Rețele de calculatoare — Rețele de calculatoare (Geeks for geeks)

• https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=84 - CS402: Computer Communications and Networks

• Tutorial de HTTP — Tutorial de HTTP. Curs produs de TutorialsPoint.com 

• Tutorial de IPv4 — Tutorial de IPv4. Curs produs de TutorialsPoint.com 

• Tutorial de IPv6 — Tutorial de IPv6. Curs produs de TutorialsPoint.com 

• Tutorial de securitatea retelelor de calculatoare — Tutorial de securitatea retelelor de calculatoare. Curs produs de TutorialsPoint.com 

• Tutorial de tehnologii Internet — Tutorial de tehnologii Internet. Curs produs de TutorialsPoint.com 

• Tutoriale de rețele (Geeks for geeks) — Tutoriale de rețele (Geeks for geeks)

• Tutorialspoint, Data Communications & Computer Network, tutorial — Tutorialspoint, Data Communications & Computer Network, tutorial

• Wikipedia Books, Computer Networking — Wikipedia Books, Computer Networking

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/must-have-network-certifications-for-it-managers/ - Must-Have Network Certifications for IT Managers

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/computer-networks-and-how-to-actually-understand-them-c1401908172d/ - What computer networks are and how to actually understand them

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/osi-model-networking-layers-explained-in-plain-english/ - The OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/osi-model-computer-networking-for-beginners/ - What is the OSI Model? Computer Networking for Beginners

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/what-is-a-lan-local-area-network-explained-in-plain-english/ - What is a LAN? The Local Area Network Explained in Plain English

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/subnet-cheat-sheet-24-subnet-mask-30-26-27-29-and-other-ip-address-cidr-network-references/ - Subnet Cheat Sheet – 24 Subnet Mask, 30, 26, 27, 29, and other IP Address CIDR Network References

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/traceroute-and-ping/ - How to Use the Traceroute and Ping Commands to Troubleshoot Network Connectivity Issues

• https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/computer-networking-traceroute-explained/ - Computer Networking — Traceroute Explained

• Introduction to SAN and NAS Storage (codered/EC-Council) - https://codered.eccouncil.org/course/introduction-to-san-and-nas-storage 

Tutoriale video 

• Computer Networks — Computer Networks

• Curs complet de retele (Grow with Google) — Curs complet de retele (Grow with Google)

• CompTIA A+ Certification Video Course 220-901 — CompTIA A+ Certification Video Course 220-901

• CompTIA Network+ Certification Video Course — CompTIA Network+ Certification Video Course

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiQR5rTSshw - Computer Networking Course - Network Engineering [CompTIA Network+ Exam Prep]

• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxbwE86jKRgMpuZuLBivzlM8s2Dk5lXBQ - Free CCNA 200-301 | Complete Course 2023

• Computer Networking Complete Course by Google - Beginner to Advanced — Computer Networking Complete Course by Google - Beginner to Advanced

• Computer Networking Complete Course - Basic to Advanced

• Computer Networking Tutorial for Beginners, Cisco, Juniper, Basics Network Fundamentals — Computer Networking Tutorial for Beginners, Cisco, Juniper, Basics Network Fundamentals

• https://app.cybrary.it/browse/course/network-fundamentals - Network Fundamentals (Cybrary)

• https://app.cybrary.it/browse/virtual-lab/network-reference-models - Network Reference Models (Cybrary)

• DNS: The Internet's Phonebook

• How a DNS Server (Domain Name System) works. — How a DNS Server (Domain Name System) works.

• Introduction to Firewalls — Introduction to Firewalls

• IPv4 Addressing - A Comprehensive Lesson — IPv4 Addressing - A Comprehensive Lesson

• Network Fundamentals (Network Direction) — Network Fundamentals (Network Direction)

• Network Topologies (Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Ad hoc, Infrastructure, & Wireless Mesh Topology) — Network Topologies (Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Ad hoc, Infrastructure, & Wireless Mesh Topology)

• Port Forwarding Explained — Port Forwarding Explained

• Subnetting Made Super Easy — Subnetting Made Super Easy

• TheNewBoston, Computer Networking Tutorial, tutoriale video — TheNewBoston, Computer Networking Tutorial, tutoriale video

• Tutorial video de retele — Tutorial video de retele (Microsoft)

• Tutorial video de retele — Tutorial video de retele (TheNewBoston)

• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEiEAq2VkUUIvo-xr1mDV2r00MarxeLx1 - Networking

• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLqrmzsjOpq5gPeUvStkqTUyeabce_q8nX - Computer Networking

• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIFyRwBY_4bRLmKfP1KnZA6rZbRHtxmXi - Networking Fundamentals

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGpjO9txFI8 - Fundamental of computer Networking part 1/2

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvAYGouCLlc - Fundamental of computer Networking part 2/2

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9ZigsW9il0 - Computer Networking Fundamentals | Networking Tutorial for beginners Full Course

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yu4g-KskNtw&list=PLARoRmMW-HhcvQKmukLEMZKEwjZKTT263 - Cisco - CCNA - 200-301 - Full Free Training Course

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIlLOzRtm3g&list=PLARoRmMW-Hhc3C1dvgmCFXTPF4SrESXxV - Cisco - CCENT/CCNA ICND1v3 100-105 - Cisco

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEqfeOKEqEo&list=PLARoRmMW-Hhec3aGYndDYanoZQqXcbL2N - Cisco - CCNA/ICND2v3 200-105 - Interconnecting

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7MNX_UD7vY&list=PLIhvC56v63IJVXv0GJcl9vO5Z6znCVb1P - FREE CCNA 200-301 // Complete Course //

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_giEv20En0 - Subnets vs VLANs

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0y6FtKsg6J4 - What is OSI Model | Real World Examples

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9QmMEWmcfo - SSL, TLS, HTTPS Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JvLV2-ngCI - How SSH Works

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NB0NDtOwIQ - Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXXRguaHZs0 - Proxy vs Reverse Proxy Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyNBf1sqdBQ - Virtual Machines vs Containers

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz8Gs4UHTO8 - Big Misconceptions about Bare Metal, Virtual Machines, and Containers

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlkDbnbv7dk - What happens when you type a URL into your browser?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RI9np1LWzqw - What Is A CDN? How Does It Work?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-JUOpCgTZc - VPN (Virtual Private Network) Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ0Ocwga43w - Remote Desktop & Access Tools comparison between 4 great open source, self hosted options!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouAG4vXFORc - Why Do Mainframes Still Exist? What's Inside One? 40TB, 200+ Cores, AI, and more!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqAqeS4tDL8 - Managed VS Unmanaged Switches and Support For InterVLAN Routing / Layer Three Switch Routing

Tutoriale video PowerCert

• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJQJ4GjTiq5lmn8czf8oo0Q  - PowerCert Animated Videos - tutoriale de tehnologia informației

Infrastructură de rețea. Cablare, conectori și instrumente de cablare:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQYiwmamq38 - Cable vs DSL vs Fiber Internet Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NX99ad2FUA - Ethernet Cables, UTP vs STP, Straight vs Crossover, CAT 5,5e,6,7,8 Network Cables

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktTtAQIvYkg - Network Connectors Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAceoquch1c - Networking Tools - Hardware

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjISrRz98Xg - Plenum vs Non Plenum PVC Network Ethernet Cables

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMRSS7ZYM50 - Half Duplex vs Full Duplex

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfQui0mk85Q - What is a Patch Panel? (cable management)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SpY1vwEIJI - Powerline Ethernet Networking Explained

Infrastructură de rețea. Echipamente de control al comunicațiilor:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1z0ULvg_pW8 - Hub, Switch, & Router Explained - What's the difference?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdNS0K4Bt8U - Layer 2 vs Layer 3 Switches

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mad4kQ5835Y - Modem vs Router - What's the difference?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1qJ87Fo5_k - What is a Guest Network?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktxC3vDukbc - What is a Hotspot?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxiY4yf6GGg - Wireless Access Point vs Wi-Fi Router

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_bf_KE5llQ - 2.4 GHz vs 5 GHz WiFi: What is the difference?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTrXgNtqyxA - Tri-Band WiFi Router Explained 

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDEX1HXybrU - What is a Firewall?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPIukqXe5w - What is a Proxy Server?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rJ1tSzgvpE - WiFi Range Extender - WiFi Booster explained - Which is the best?

Infrastructură de rețea. Servere:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYjQakUxeVY - FAT32 vs exFAT vs NTFS - Windows File Systems

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjCDWCeHCzY - What is a Server? Servers vs Desktops Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-OCdTeZLac - What is RAID 0, 1, 5, & 10?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuUgfCvt9-Q - RAID 5 vs RAID 6

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yZDDr0JKVc - NAS vs SAN - Network Attached Storage vs Storage Area Network

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-83E6levzM - Incremental vs Differential Backup, & Full - Explained 

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpQZVYPuDGU - How a DNS Server (Domain Name System) works

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyNBf1sqdBQ - Virtual Machines vs Containers

Topologii de rețea:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_zSIXb7tLQ - Network Types: LAN, WAN, PAN, CAN, MAN, SAN, WLAN

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbqrNg4C98U - Network Topologies (Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Ad hoc, Infrastructure, & Wireless Mesh Topology)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOLGvZagdC0 - Mesh Wifi Explained - Which is the best? - Google Wifi

Segmentarea rețelelor

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyZWSvSj8ek - LAN, WAN, SUBNET - EXPLAINED

Protocoale:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKn0GzF5-IU - CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIiQiw7fpsU - MAC Address Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThdO9beHhpA - IP Address - IPv4 vs IPv6 Tutorial

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po8ZFG0Xc4Q - Public vs Private IP Address

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2fT-g9PX9o - Network Ports Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwoD5YsGACg - TCP vs UDP Comparison

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6-TaH5bkjo - DHCP Explained - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hExRDVZHhig - SSL, TLS, HTTP, HTTPS Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOj8MSEIbfA - FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SFTP, TFTP Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJo5yOtu7o8 - What is SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBaARws0hy4 - POP3 vs IMAP - What's the difference?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOLGvZagdC0 - DDNS - Dynamic DNS Explained

Diagnoză și acces folosind utilitare în linie de comandă:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJV-GBZ6PeM - PING and TRACERT (traceroute) networking commands

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIicPE38O-s - PING Command - Troubleshooting

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up3bcBLZS74 - Traceroute (tracert) Explained - Network Troubleshooting

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZop-zjYkrU - Telnet vs SSH Explained

Altele:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqlzQXo1wqo - What is a DMZ? (Demilitarized Zone)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTUV0t6JaDA - NAT Explained - Network Address Translation

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G1ueMDgwxw - Port Forwarding Explained

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jC6MJTh9fRE - VLAN Explained

Alte tutoriale video

Infrastructură de rețea. Cabluri, conectori și unelte:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bicimOmExtE - How To Make/Crimp RJ45 Ethernet Network Patch Cables (Cat 5e and Cat 6)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HY29uh2OKM - DATA CENTRE 101 | TERMINATING CAT 5 CABLE

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epTzemeJjAw - Terminate Fiber in 5 Minutes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKDYw0jPskc - How to Terminate Optic Fibre the Easy Way including my 3 tips. SC Connector and splice

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2bILsfu8NM - Cat 6 vs Cat 7. What is the difference?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEMIGSOTwe0 - CAT 8 vs CAT 7 Ethernet Cables - Is there a difference?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur03qCHXxbw - The BEST WAY to Wire Up Ethernet Plugs! (Cat7 + RJ45 Modular Load Bar connectors)

Servere:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKcrVtvZvpk - Active Directory Tutorial for Beginners

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85-bp7XxWDQ - Learn Microsoft Active Directory (ADDS) in 30mins

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlkDbnbv7dk - What happens when you type a URL into your browser?

Cursuri și tutoriale, text și video 

Notă. Pentru informații suplimentare privind comanda, controlul și diagnoza de rețea folosind CLI, a se vedea și pagina Sisteme de operare.

• Utilizarea comenzilor text

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKhorleA5aA - IPCONFIG Explained - Flush DNS Cache - YouTube - 

• NetworkGuru, Networking Command Line Tools, tutorial video — NetworkGuru, Networking Command Line Tools, tutorial video

• Networking Command Line Tools — Networking Command Line Tools

• Network Troubleshooting at the Command Line - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 4.4 — Network Troubleshooting at the Command Line - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 4.4

• Network Troubleshooting using PING, TRACERT, IPCONFIG, NSLOOKUP COMMANDS — Network Troubleshooting using PING, TRACERT, IPCONFIG, NSLOOKUP COMMANDS

• PING and TRACERT (traceroute) networking commands — PING and TRACERT (traceroute) networking commands

Tutoriale video in română 

• Serie de tutoriale video de retele realizate de un amator — Serie de tutoriale video de retele realizate de un amator roman

• Serie de tutoriale video de retele realizate de un amator — Serie de tutoriale video de retele realizate de un amator roman

• Serie de tutoriale video de retele realizate de un amator — Serie de tutoriale video de retele realizate de un amator roman

Data centers

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Amow8BJm5Go - What is a Data Center?

• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJuCep43JwAVl17HMP-NZRwmlEn2mzhha - Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZzQBI628Hs - What is a Data Center? – Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaOwEfjX5w0 - What is Colocation? – Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9TgBwJgDfg - What is the Cloud? - Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FD5cf7uZDhg - What is Data Center Infrastructure? – Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFktLnNUAO0 - Types of data centers: Colocation, Enterprise, & Carrier Hotel – Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y90Y5HZdeIE - Why is Data Center Location Important? – Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jl5zqFvH_zU - Why is Data Center Connectivity Important? – Data Center Fundamentals

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXpSb6EBdqA - How to Measure the Data Center Market – Data Center Fundamentals

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZmGGAbHqa0 - Inside a Google data center

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80aK2_iwMOs - Microsoft reveals its MASSIVE data center (Full Tour)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6WlzHLxNKI - Inside Amazon's Massive Data Center

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUmLnSEVVDw - A Fun Data Center Tour at PhoenixNAP

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7JaN3rTK2A - Inside The World's Largest Data Center

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpTNcbnZjvY - Exclusive Insight: Visiting one of the Most Advanced Datacenters in the World

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eo8nz_niiM - Over 200,000 Servers in One Place! Visiting Hetzner in Falkenstein (Germany)

Custodian Data Centres

Custodian Data Centres este un canal Youtube care urmarește activitatea unui departament de administrare rețele. Am selectat câteva episoade mai interesante:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcCiDR5cuIk - DATA CENTRE 101 | DISSECTING a SERVER and its COMPONENTS!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsJ6Bn2NHr4 - HOW TO BUILD A DATA CENTRE - Introduction - Episode 1 (NEW DA2)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWKeFeFSI3k - HOW TO BUILD A DATA CENTRE - Introduction - Episode 2

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqRdBFzRbSo - HOW TO BUILD A DATA CENTRE - Episode 3

• DATA CENTRE 101 | WHAT CERTIFICATIONS DO YOU NEED TO WORK IN A DC? CCNA? ANY AT ALL?!

• A DAY in the LIFE of the DATA CENTRE | NETWORK TOUR with ASH & JAMES!

• DATA CENTRE 101 | TERMINATING CAT 5 CABLE | ASH & PAV have a CRIMP-OFF!

• A DAY in the LIFE of the DATA CENTRE | FULL CUSTOMER "RACK & STACK"

• A DAY in the LIFE of the DATA CENTRE | RACKING SERVERS with ASH & JAMES!

• NETWORKS Part 1: CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

• NETWORKS Part 2: Configuration

• NETWORKS Part 3 - Troubleshooting

• DATA CENTRE 101 | DISSECTING a SERVER and its COMPONENTS!

Servere web

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKxlsvZXG7c - NGINX Explained in 100 Seconds

Tools

• https://www.grc.com/dns/benchmark.htm 

Sugestii de aplicații pentru monitorizare și administrare:

1. http://sixrevisions.com/tools/10-free-server-network-monitoring-tools-that-kick-ass/

2. http://www.solarwinds.com/products/solarwinds_free_tools/

Mașini virtuale:

1. Oracle Virtual Box, http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/virtualbox/downloads/index.html

2. Vmware Player, https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/free#desktop_end_user_computing/vmware_player/6_0

3. Microsoft Virtual PC, http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee681737(v=ws.10).aspx