Semantics - Readers bring meaning to what they are reading on the basis of their understanding of a topic, their culture, prejudices, feelings, instructional experiences, and personal interest.
Syntactics - Syntax refers to grammatical relationships and functions of sentence components. Readers must deal with meaningful language units and not individual words, or phrases.
Visual (graphophonic) - Readers use the sound/symbol relationship by sounding out letters and words.
Confirmation - Does it make sense? Did the readers predictions come true?
Comprehension - Reader integrates use of language with the use of cue systems. The reader's comprehension is facilitated when uses his prior knowledge to pose questions or make predictions while reading.
Reciprocal Teaching Strategies
Questioning
Ask questions about what we read or hear
Test for understanding
Identify what's important
Question Words:
Who?
What?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?
Predicting
Listen for clues that tell us what may happen next
Helps you become a better reader and listener
Helps you think about what you already know and how it compares with what you will learn
Gives you an important reason for reading or listening because you want to know if your predictions come true.
Summarizing
A shortened version of the text made up of only the most important ideas
Does not include unimportant details
Check for understanding
Clarifying
When we don't understand
Reread text
Read ahead
Use picture or structure clues
Define unfamiliar or difficult words
Evaluating Student Reading
Observation of student reading to gain information about language development or make generalizations over a period of time.
Interaction with student to determine the student's knowledge of language and use of cueing systems
Analysis provides a chronological and visible record of development through periodic language samples with tools such as: