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- Vallcebre is internationally recognized as a reference site for badland research, particularly under montane Mediterranean conditions, where the occurrence and dynamics of these highly erosive landforms are driven by the combined biological and geomorphic effects of winter freezing and intense rainstorms in summer. The large spatio-temporal variations of erosion and basin sediment transport rates justify the importance on long-term studies on these processes.
Geomorphological consequences of terrace abandonment: rates of soil loss in abandoned terrace systems of the Mediterranean region. Dominant erosion form and scale of analysis are indicated in the graph using different colours and symbol shapes, respectively. Code values between brackets indicate time after abandonment. Soil-loss estimation approach is indicated with asterisks at the bottom of the graph. For comparison, a boundary of sustainable erosion limits is displayed in the graph (grey area), according to the natural rates of soil formation for the European region. Moreno de las Heras et al. 2019, Geomorphology
Badland-shaping processes: (A) formation of a ‘popcorn’ regolith mantle (late winter view) by freeze–thaw weathering of the smectite-rich continental mudstones of the Vallcebre badlands (Catalan Pyrenees, NE Spain), with a small-scale detail of the development of ice crystals (i.e., the freezing front) on the surface badland materials (see Regü.s et al., 1995); (B) bedrock weathering effects at El Cautivo field station (Tabernas adlands, SE Spain) by repeated wetting–drying cycles over three consecutive years (initial unweathered and final weathered surface views re shown; see also Cantón et al., 2001); (C) seasonal cycles of summer rill incision by high-intensity rainfall (left) and further winter badland urface eshaping (i.e., rill evanescence) by the combined effects of bedrock gelivation and gravity processes (right) under montane climate onditions (Vallcebre badlands); (D) pipe and tunnel collapses in badland forms dominated by subsurface erosion processes at Monegros central Ebro basin, NE Spain; see also García-Ruiz, 2011). Photographs by (A) F. Gallart, (B) Y. Cantón, (C) N. Pérez-Gallego and (D) J.M. García-Ruiz. Moreno de las Heras and Gallart 2019. The origin of badlands, in: Estela Nadal-Romero, Juan F. Martínez-Murillo and Nikolaus J. Kuhn, (Eds.), Badlands Dynamics in a Context of Global Change. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 27-59.
Spatiotemporal patterns of sediment 210Pbex activities: (a) temporal pattern of daily precipitation, as well as simulated and experimentallymeasured sediment 210Pbex activities; (b) influence of downstream distance on measured sediment 210Pbex activity (the dotted lines connect the samples for three flow events with available paired measurements for the sampling locations). Abbreviations: GLMM, general linear mixed model statistics. Moreno de las Heras et al. 2018, Land Degradation and Development
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