Computer networks for the home and small business can be built using wired and wireless technology. Wired Ethernet has been the traditional choice, and Wireless LAN (WLAN) or Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) wireless technologies are gaining ground. Both wired and wireless can claim advantages and both represent viable options for local area networks (LANs).

Below we compare wired and wireless networking in five key areas:

• • ease of installation

  • total cost

  • reliability

  • performance

  • security

About Wired Local Area Networks (LAN)

Wired LANs use Ethernet cables and network adapters. Although two computers can be directly wired to each other using an Ethernet crossover cable, wired LANs require central devices like hubs, switches, or routers to associate more computers.

For dial-up connections to the Internet, the computer hosting the MODEM must run Internet Connection Sharing or similar software to share the connection with all other computers on the LAN, unless a Dial-up Router is utilized. Broadband class service routers allow easier sharing of Cable Modem, or DSL Internet connections, plus the right router should include  a reputable SPI Firewall.

Installation

For wired LANs, Ethernet cables must be run from each computer to another computer or to the central device no more then 329 feet unless boosters are utilized. It can be time-consuming and difficult to run cables under the floor or through walls, especially when computers sit in different rooms. Some newer homes are pre-wired with appropriate  CAT5e cable, greatly simplifying the cabling process and minimizing unsightly cable runs.

The correct cabling configuration for a wired LAN varies depending on the mix of devices for 10/100/1000 based systems, and the type of Internet connection. 

After hardware installation, the remaining steps in configuring either wired or wireless networks do not differ too much. Both rely on standard IP (TCP/IP Internet Protocol) and network operating system configuration options for adapters. Laptops and other portable devices often enjoy greater mobility in wireless network installations.

Cost

Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are relatively inexpensive these days. Good Broadband routers cost more, and these should not be optional components of a wired LAN or WLAN connected to the Internet, and the initial higher cost is offset by the benefit of easier installation and much better perimeter security features.

Reliability

Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are extremely reliable, mainly because manufacturers have been continually improving Ethernet technology over decades. Loose cables and AC electrical issues remain the most common and annoying source of failure in a wired network. When installing a wired LAN or moving any of the components later, be sure to carefully check the cable connections.

Broadband routers have also suffered from some reliability issues particularly due to ISP connections in many instances. Unlike other Ethernet gear, these products are relatively new, multi-function devices. Broadband routers have matured over the past several years and their reliability has improved greatly, though ISP connection issues continue.

Performance

Wired LANs offer superior performance over wireless LANs (WLAN). Traditional Ethernet connections offer only 10 Mbps bandwidth, but 100 Mbps  and 1000 Fast Ethernet technology costs little more and is readily available. As long as the speed utilized on the LAN or WLAN exceeds the ISP Internet connection, you're good to go.

Wired LANs utilizing hubs can suffer performance slowdown if computers heavily utilize the network simultaneously passing high amounts of data as with database programs of large FTP downloads. Use Ethernet switching hubs (commonly called switches) instead of 10Mbps hubs to avoid this potential issue. A switch can cost little more than a hub. Not to be confused with Managed Switches.

Security

For any wired LAN connected to the Internet, firewalls are the primary security consideration, and even between departments in larger companies. Wired Ethernet hubs and switches do not support firewalls internally. However, firewall software products like ZoneAlarm can be installed on the computers themselves, but the fuss factor must be weighed. The right Broadband router offers excellent SPI (Statefull Packet Inspection) firewall capability built into the device, configurable through its own software.

• • We do LANs

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