American pageant chpt 16
Cotton is king
Cotton gin
England relied on southern cotton for industry
Planter aristocracy
Few plantations w 100+ slaves. Ruined land. Need for new land
Debt
Private schools
Feudal
Women ran house, slaves did the work
Resent northern factories and immigrants
White majority
3/4 own no slaves. Very poor. Snobocracy. Hillbillies, clay eaters (mineral-hookworms)
Still supported slavery. Outranked blacks
Mountain people hate rich and blacks, do not support secession
Free blacks
Rev war, mulatto- freed upon death of master
Many owned property and slaves themselves
Few rights. Resented by whites
In north, very few rights as well Hated by Irish
Individual v race
Life as a slave
Smuggled in. Most born a slave. Valuable property, so no dangerous jobs (Irish)
Sold down the river. Got you in my pocket
Investment
Brutal auctions. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Deep South
No rights, whippings
Forced separations
Avoided marrying cousins
Islam, most Christians. Songs about escape
Illiterate
Work slow, break equipment, steal or poison food
Rebellions: Stono (SC to Florida), Denmark Vesey (SC), Nat Turner (VA)
Abolitionist
1817. American colonization society. 1822 Liberia founded. Cap. Monrovia
Most slaves were native born
2nd great awakening increase in abolitionist movement. Theodore Weld and Finney
William Lloyd Garrison. Liberator.
Wendell Phillips, speaker golden trumpet (no sugar or cotton)
David Walker. “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.” Bloody end.
Sojourner Truth. Women's rights
Frederick Douglass. Politics. Liberty party free soil party and republican
South v north
S= Peculiar institution. Taught religion, civilized, treated well, happy, food (Moonlight and Magnolias) Slavery not to be discussed in Congress
N=south owed money –factories need cotton violence, Swayed toward emancipation
Elijah P Lovejoy, martyred in 1837
American Pageant chpt 17
Tippeecanoe and Tyler too
Tyler anti bank, (vetoed). anti tariff passed anyway $
US borrowing $ from England. Recession no pay back
Aroostook War
Mexico wants Texas back- threatens war if US helps Texas- so Texas turns to France, Holland & Belgium-- Britain likes idea of a smaller US and no Monroe Doctrine, slave revolts and cotton!
Polk (D) slavery Texas v Clay (W) liberty, Union.
Texas platform-- Tyler fights to get Texas added as 28th state
9 yrs a republic
US & Brittain want Oregon, Brits there 1st, but we trade, Hudson Bay
1840's Oregon Trail, settlers 5,000 v 700 brits
Manifest destiny Polk. Dark horse
54 40 0r fight, settled at 49 --why give in? Brit is strong, Mexico weak-- ?'s about border ( Rio Grande)
we also want California, offer to buy it from Mexico, no deal
Polk wants war, and Mexico attacks!
American blood spilled on American Soil--- spot resolutions
both sides want war!
Texas and war w Mexico Santa Anna (Cuba- doublecrossed).
California= bear flag republic
Taylor (hero of Buena Vista) old rough and ready, Grant, Lee, Scott old fuss and feathers
Trist is tricked by Santa Anna ($10,000)-
Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo all land to Cali.
. Prelude to civil war (slavery)
Wilmont proviso. No slaves in land won by Mexican war. Did not pass senate, slavery ? Santa Anna's revenge
land! Lowered tariff, set up independent treasury, Oregon border (54 40 or fight. Set at 49), California gold rush, statehood, free
Chapter 18
Wilmont proviso
Taylor (whig)- Cass (demo), Van Buren (freesoil)
California gold rush (49)- who gets rich?
Free vs slave. Popular sovereignty
15/15. But California free state
Underground Railroad-stations, conductors
Harriet Tubman. 19 trips, 300 people, Moses
Henry Clay. Great compromiser.pushes for fug slave law D. Webster,(n) land not fit for cultivation, so do nothing (wrong, cali). Calhoun (s) states rights. Fugitive slave law is passed
slavery wrong, disunion worse----compromise was key to union, new congressman against compromising! Taylor agrees. (Seward, higher law)
Pres Taylor dies, Millard Fillmore signs the compromise of 1850
N- California free, DC free New Mexico/Utah pop sov
S- pop sov Nebraska, fugitive slave law=no jury trial, no testify, 5 to free-10 to enslave
Whig party nominates Scott=party splits & dies, Franklin Pierce elected pres (demo)
Clay & Webster die..
US south wants Cuba (4 states??). Spain owns. Pierce tries to buy- no deal sooooo Ostend Manifesto—(Later)
Clayton Bulwar-- England in South America--(Monroe) neither will try to take Panama. (Later)
We begin to trade with China. (British). Missionaries
Commodore Perry opened up Japan for trade. (Later)
Transcontinental Railroad. South??? Gadsden purchase
North wants Nebraska free as a trade off for RR- south give up RR to let Kansas and Nebraska vote! (pop. sov)
Kansas Nebraska act. Pop sov. South gives up rr, end of Missouri compromise. 36/30. (1820)- 1850
Split demo party
American pageant chpt 19
Uncle Tom's cabin
Helper. Impending crisis of the south
Bleeding Kansas. Beecher's bibles
John brown.
Lecompton constitution. Allowed people to keep slaves. Vote passed. Revote. Failed. Divided the Democratic Party
Brooks Sumner battle
Election 1856. Republican against expansion of slavery. Demos were for pop sovereignty Buchanan wins.
Dred Scott case
Recession. Hurt north, south sold cotton to England so ok
1858 Illinois senatorial race. Lincoln v Steven Douglas. Debates
Douglas states rights. Lincoln argued a house ( the US) divided against itself cannot stand
John Brown Harper's Ferry Insane. Martyr
1860 election. Demos pick Douglas. Southern demos pick Breckinridge. New parties formed Constitution party picks Bell, Republicans pick Lincoln
With demos split, Republicans win. SC Seceded
Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Confederate states of America. Jeff Davis Pres. We want to be left alone
Crittenden amendment. Slavery 36-30 again and in new territories. Lincoln said no.
American pageant chpt 20
US sends provisions to ft Sumter in Charleston harbor
April 12 CSA fires on the fort. Civil war has begun
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and NC joined CSA when Lincoln called for troops (war)
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware are slave states that do not join. Border states
West Virginia breaks away from Virginia
The butternut region of Ohio was pro south pro slavery. Lincoln had to be careful or more states would join the CSA Copperheads
Oklahoma Indians side w/ CSA
Brother v brother
Defensive war
Pros and cons
South- own land, generals, bred to fight, Europe,
North= economy, transportation, population, navy and army long established, government, food, manufacturing
South- new gov’t, states rights, food , manufacturing
Transportation (trains)
North- invaders, not in favor of war,
Europe ruling class "supports"southern feudalism. Working class supports north
Surplus cotton and wage slaves
North food production up. England bad crops, need food!
Trent affair
Lincoln not so true to constitution
Conscription
Rich mans war poor mans fight. $300 men. In South own 20 slaves
Deserters
Morrill tariff raised more $ for north
Greenbacks
Confederate blue backs
North jobs grow. Millionaires
Textiles, oil, women work
Industry beats slavocracy
American Pageant chapter 21
90 day war
Bull Run
Stonewall Jackson
Army of the Potomac: McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant
Anaconda plan
Iron clads- south=Merrimack, north = Monitor
Lee, Army of Northern Virginia
Antietam- cigars- bloodiest single day of the war
Emancipation Proclamation — 13th amendment (1865)
save the union v slavery
Fredericksburg- Burnsides slaughter pen
Chancellorsville- Stonewall gone
Gettysburg- Pickett’s charge, high tide of the confederacy
Vicksburg on the Mississippi falls (Farragut)
Gettysburg address
Grant v/s Army of Tennessee
Sherman attacks Atlanta, March to the Sea
total war, unconditional surrender
Savannah was Lincoln’s Christmas present from Sherman
copperheads, northern democrats sympathetic to south
Sherman’s bowties (hairpins)
Bentonville
April 9 Appomattox Court House
April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot/Jon Wilkes Booth
over 1/2 million died, most from disease (not battle)
Reconstruction will be hard on the south
American Pageant chpt 22
13 outlawed slavery
14 citizenship and equal rights (conf leaders)
15 black enfranchisement (suffrage)
What to do with the South and freed slaves after the war Lincoln 10% plan, moderate
Cities/homes destroyed, jobs gone, rail lines destroyed
Blacks=some were re-enslaved, unrest, torn land, discrimination, black codes--church for solace Sharecroppers
Freedman's bureau (40 acres and a mule--did not happen), education
Wade Davis plan 50% and anti slaves, conquered territory-- radical republicans, Morrill tariff, homestead act, Pacific railroad act-- do not want old confeds back in congress, #'s up in south (no more 3/5th)
Andrew Johnson, NC, VP --added ratifying 13th, veto's 14, tried to defeat Rad Repubs--speeches (round the circle)--more people vote republican!
Sumner and Stevens= Congressional Reconstruction plan=south divided into 5 districts, must pass 14 and 15 amendments women protest not included
Ex Parte Milligan- civilian trials
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Redeemers= return democrats to power
KKK/Force Act
tenure of office act Stanton—Johnson impeached, not guilty--hurt country and constitution
Seward's folly/icebox >2c an acre Alaska--oil and reds
Reconstruction ended with compromise of 1877