Turbine Design

Purpose

The purpose of this project is to help students understand how altering perimeters of an engine affects the performance

Specifications

The product needed to use the EngineSim program

We had one day to complete this project

Concepts

Definition

Engine Net Thrust: the total thrust (propelling force) produced by the engine

Fuel Flow Rate: the rate at which the fuel flows through the engine

Engine Air Flow Rate: the rate at which air flows through the engine

Engine Weight: the amount that the engine weighs

Thrust to Weight Ratio: the ratio between the propelling force produced by and the weight of the engine

Specific Fuel Consumption: efficiency factor that characterizes an engine's fuel efficiency

Fuel-to-air Ratio: the ratio of air to the fuel present in an engine during the combustion process

Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR): the ratio of the total pressure at the exit of the nozzle divided by the total pressure at the entry of the compressor in an engine

Engine Temperature Ratio: the ratio of the temperature at the exit of the nozzle divided by the temperature at the entry of the compressor in an engine

Gross Thrust: total propelling force of an engine without deduction of drag

Ram Drag: drag caused by the momentum of incoming air

Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR): the ratio of the nozzle total to static pressure ratio

Engine Thermal Efficiency: the percentage of heat energy that is transformed into work

Nozzle Exit Velocity (V Exit): the speed at which exhaust leaves the nozzle

Free Stream Dynamic Pressure (q0): changing pressure through the engine to generate lift

Specific Impulse (ISP): a measure of how effectively a jet engine uses fuel

Nozzle Exit Pressure (Pexit): the pressure with which the exhaust exits the nozzle

Fan Nozzle Exit Pressure (P fan exit): the exit pressure of exhaust at the fan nozzle

Compressor Face Mach Number (M2): a number indicating the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the medium through which the object is moving

Variation of Total Pressure and Temperature through the Engine: differences in pressure and temperature across the entire engine

Overall Engine Efficiency: comparison of the engines total input to output ratio

The following table illustrates my design choices while editing the EngineSim specifications

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Trial 4

Trial 5

Conclusion

1. Explain how the engine type impacts performance?

The different engine types are best suited for different tasks.For example, TurboJets are older airlines, whereas TurboFans are best used for military or commercial planes

2. Identify and explain the factors you would consider while designing an aircraft to fly efficiently at an altitude of 30,000 – 40,000 ft.

The factors you should consider are air pressure, air temperature, density and oxygen levels. These components affect engine performance, and therefore should be taken into consideration when selecting engine and fuel type.