Getting started (the structure of DNA, and how proteins are made)
1. DNA structure COLUMNS game
2. DNA structure FLASHCARDS and MATCHING games
3. DNA structure FILL IN THE GAPS
4. learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ A great website full of introductory animations and activities to do with inheritance and DNA
5. Genetics concepts (picture game): genes, genotypes and phenotypes
Meiosis and mitosis
Try this interactive animation to help you understand meiosis (the process of cell division that results in gametes: chromosome number is halved and we go from one parent cell to 4 daughter cells) REMEMBER you do NOT need to memorise the names of the stages of cell division at NCEA Level 1
Whole genetics topic
Use this quizlet set on genetics to familiarise yourself with the meaning of some genetics terms.
Whole topic REVISION GAME (rags to riches)
Genetic variation
Punnett squares
Punnett squares are used in Science to work out the ratios of the phenotypes and genotypes in the offspring of a cross. Watch this Punnett squares lesson.
Quick set of notes to help you with covering/memorising what you will need (remember, these are 'quick' notes - they don't cover everything you may need in the exam)
Quick study notes for Genetics
The relationship between and definitions for:
Gene/allele, amino acid chain/protein and phenotype
Base sequence, gene/allele, mutation and chromosome
There are many genes on/in one chromosome
Each gene has a specific locus (location) on a specific chromosome
There are two alleles present in each individual for a given trait because there are 2 homologous chromosomes (one from each parent)
number of chromosomes in a gamete (egg or sperm) = n
number of chromosomes in a fertilised egg (zygote) = 2n
n = the haploid number 2n = the diploid number
variation in both sexual and asexual reproduction can come from mutations (permanent changes in the base sequence of a gene that can result in a new allele)
but ONLY sexual reproduction has crossing over, independent assortment and segregation (these processes all involve shuffling of existing alleles during meiosis)
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual repro
8. Punnett Squares and test crosses AND pedigree charts
Recessive phenotype = recessive genotype (e.g. rr)
Define terms relevant such as: phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive.
The Pass Biology Website this contains the Genetics Achievement Standard and the Mammals Achievement Standard