They are small questions that the hearer does to get sure what the speaker says.
A - Barbara is punished
B - Is she?
It is always composed by an auxiliary verb plus a subject pronoun. If there is no auxiliary in the first sentence, then we use the auxiliary verb "do" (in the same tense and person as the verb in the first sentence).
A- I can run 10 miles in an hour.
B - Can you?
A - My father writes one book a year.
B - Does he?
A - Charlie broke the glass.
B - Did he?