There was a chapel attached to the Schoolhouse at the Degan (Highfields) Sawmills as early as 1865 (this was northeast of Geham). There were also a few (temporary) churches at the railway camps. The "Irish chapel" or Sacred Heart chapel was at Fountain's Camp, and a combined church/school was opened at the same place by the Protestants. [Bitomsky & Mylne, 1995, p 4].
Three denominations of churches appeared in the area: Anglican, Catholic (picture below in 1981) and Presbyterian. There was also a hall (perhaps two). Two Lutheran churches were at Highfields and Meringandan.
The first mass was celebrated in 1871 in the house of Mr Michael Purtill. After Mr Purtell died, services, which were often attended by more than 100 people, were held at the Courthouse for two years.
Por 317 is on corner of the Highway and Evans Rd east, so the Church would have been on Sub Section 2.2
Tenders called for the building of a Catholic Church in 21 May 1883 on the garden adjoining the Wilkes Hotel on the highway. William and Catherine Wilkes donated front section (1 acre 3 roods 11 perches) of portion 317. A further one acre was sold by him to the church at “a very reasonable figure”. The building (built by Mr Maag) cost of £271. There was grand opening on 17 February 1884 by Bishop Dunne. Detailed description in Toowoomba Chronicle. It was also in the Brisbane Courier.
The name was “St Patrick’s but changed name to St Carthage around 1890. This change is probably associated with Robert Dunne, who grew up in Lismore, Ireland and walked to midnight mass at Mount Melleray monastery, Lismore with his father on Christmas Eve 1841. St Carthage and his fellow monks developed the Mount Melleray monastery. Dunne moved to Australia with James Quinn in 1861. He became in charge of the Toowoomba parish from 1868 to 1880, and was at Mount Melleray, considering joining the community when appointed him Bishop of Brisbane in 1882.”[1]
(Photographs: Exterior 1981; Internal (date unknown) Communion with Fr W McCormack and Kay Curtis, Cheryl and Tracey Quinn, Susan Morgan, ?, Lional Curtis and John Donovan 1976-77; photographs from Catholic Diocese of Toowoomba Archives)
The last mass was held on 4th Nov 1979 and closed its doors in Feb 1980. The Scouts Club used the building for a while and then it was used by Mr R Imbs for the display of furniture. The building was sold in 1988 and dismantled by Vacy Demolitions in October 1989. The land was sold in 1997 to Mr Rainer Fry (Cuckoo Clock Shop owner at the time)[6]. As of 2024 it was still a vacant block of land.
In 1941 the Catholic United Services Association built a recreation hall which was used by thousands of army personnel training at Cabarlah.
A wedding (Lewis Duff, of Cooby Creek and Annie Walsh, of Geham) occurred there on 15 Sept 1897 and was described in detail in the Toowoomba Chronicle. Another on 9 Oct 1897 between A Wilkes and Maggie Hanrahan (of Merritts Creek) also referred to Orange Blossoms.
St Augustine's Church Highfields 1933
Holy Trinity Church
St Augustine’s Church in Highfields was on the corner of Reis Rd East and the New England Hwy and was established by 1873.
"six miles from Toowoomba on the property of Mrs Palmer, the old Mortuary Chapel, from Drayton cemetery, is being erected and converted into a place of worship, and divine service will be performed there in each Sunday alternatively by the Church of England and the Presbyterian Minister" (DDG 11/02/1874, p 3).
According to a book on Spring Bluff History, the church was at Ballard's Camp (in the 1860's). Some of the stained-glass windows from the original church were used in the Holy Trinity Anglican church at Geham.
The church was still there in 1933 as there was a marriage there (27/09/1933) of Mr and Mrs Jim Wilkes (photo to the left), LP and D Ryan bought the land in 1958-59 and the church was either moved or demolished by 1960.[8]
An extract from the DDGazette 25 Nov 1919:
The old historic Anglican Church at Highfields is undergoing a large amount of improvements and repairs. A new park fence has been erected and iron gates. The sanctuary has been renovated and hung with coloured curtains. A gravel path has been made leading to the church and the bell has also been re-erected. The cost of those improvements has almost been defrayed by the local residents- who are very enthusiastic over the matter. A brass memorial tablet is to be erected in the church in memory of members of the Palmer family, the church having been presented by Mrs Palmer. A brass alms has also been presented by the parishioners in memory of Mr William Palmer who was for over 28 years, warden of St. Augustine Highfields. On December 14th a dedication and memorial service is to be held conducted by Archdeacon' Rivers of Toowoomba.
The Holy Trinity Anglican Church at Geham was originally built in 1887 with "opening services at Geham on Sunday October 16" (TC&DD General Advertiser 15/10/1887). The list of "Closed churches" has the dedication date as 29/10/1891 by The Most Reverend St Clair Donaldson[9]. The 30-person church was built by the Plant family, and services were held on the fourth Sunday of the month. It was situated on Plants Lane. It is about 400 metres southwest of the school. It was demolished in 1940s about a mile away and rebuilt on the present location.
On 28 September 1986 there were centenary events with Grace Kinmond (nee Plant) at the celebrations. Grace started Sunday school in 1919 at the age of 5, walking a distance of about 5 miles with her two brothers and seven sisters. Her grandmother Mrs Sam Plant cleaned the church every Saturday for many years (Anglican Focus No 102, Oct 1986)
On 2 Nov 1889 a successful "Geham festival" was held at the Church. The road leading the church at every available place was decorated with flags...over the gate an arch of evergreen was erected with the Union Jack...on one side and the other the German flag; underneath was a beautiful motto "welcome to all" entwined with rose, shamrock, thistle and leek...with the motto "friendship and unity" (TC 9 Nov 1889 p 4).
A committee member of the church, James Crighton, (whose ancestor was the builder Samuel Plant), said "the current caretakers were too old to continue looking after it. Only about nine people attend per month, which is why they've decided to cut their losses. It's never been connected to electricity - there's no toilet, you had to use a bucket."
The church closed in 2018. [9]
This church was at Meringandan and opened in 1886. Before that services were held in the Lutheran church there.
St Martin's Anglican Church was opened at the Cabarlah Barracks in 1959 but closed circa 1961.[9]
Fernbank House (see businesses) was sold to the Anglican Church in 1906 and was used as a catechist training centre [2]. Archdeacon Arthur Richard Rivers established small ‘brotherhood’ of catechists at Cabarlah near Toowoomba, who worked the Highfields, Crow’s Nest, and “Goombimgee” districts. At the same headquarters he had founded a 'college' which served the twofold purpose of training young men for the office of catechist and giving a preliminary training to those who might enter the ministry. Classes at Cabarlah were to be held for probationers on four days a week during term, with four terms of ten weeks each year. Subjects included Bible, elementary Latin and Greek, elocution, and parish work. They were to receive two years' tuition, board and lodging free, and ten shillings per month pocket money. The Archbishop, at his discretion, might select some of the probationers as candidates for Holy Orders. There is no record of how many probationers ever went to Cabarlah[3]. A committee of 'leading laymen' found that the Cabarlah establishment was not viable, and it was closed at the end of 1909.
On September 1877 there was a meeting in Geham to open a subsctiption list, and 14 pound was collected that evening (DDG 3/10/1877 p 3). It was finished in 1878 and the opening services were held at 11am by Rev Mr Carson and 6pm by Rev Mr Rathjen (DDG 7/9/1878 p 3). A soiree was held at 4pm on the following Thursday. The newspaper stated that people of all denominations came forward to support the church.
The Presbyterian Church was built on the corner of Mrs Black’s property (The post office was kept by Mrs M A Black for many years)
In 1925 the congregation was saving money for a new church as the "old one having served the district for the past half century nearly" (TC&DDG 11/07/1925 p6). In April 1926 Mr Thomas Askin was given the contract to dismantle the church and was re-erected by the 27th April with the official opening taking place on the 1 May at 2.30. On 7 June 1926, it was reported that the "recently renovated Presbyterian Church is being painted" (p3). The church was rebuilt in 1926.
It was reported in the newspaper that a new Masonic Hall had been built in 1896 and the local Masons journeyed to Cabarlah to consecrate the hall built for the Aubingy Lodge
There was an early hall owned by Lovejoy at least from 1904.
The current Cabarlah Hall was opened in 1924[4] and was owned by the Farmer’s Arms Hotel (Jim Telford at the time). A sports afternoon followed by a grand concert and dance was held on the 23 August 1924 with the proceeds devoted to the reduction of the Holy Name Parish (TC & DDG 22 August 1924)
Dances were regularly held at the hall after WWII with more than one romance blossoming! Jack Hoad met his future wife Dorothy there, as did Merv Reis and his wife Hazel (in Beyond Tall Timbers).
(Photograph from Tall Timbers of Hall in 1984)
Extract from Geham school history (p 49):
The land behind the hall was first used as a sports ground in the twenties where cricket was played (children from the Geham school went there). "At this time, part of the land was owned by the publican [i.e. Farmer's Arms] and part by the Plant family whose butchery slaughter yard was where the present oval now is built. Sports, horse events (bending and flag racing) and rough riding were held there in the twenties and camp drafting in 1931.
DDG 6/11/1928: From Land Commissioner, Toowoomba, with reference to the Council's application an behalf of the Cabarlah Cricket Club, for an area of acres 2 roods 16.6 perches of Subdivision 1A of portions 301 and 302, parish of Geham, to be set apart as a sports and recreation reserve, and desiring to know whether any further action was desired as regards the proposal of the department that if the Council was prepared to recoup the Crown to the extent of £13/18/2, action would be taken to set the land apart for a Sports and Recreation Reserve, under the Council's control as trustee.—To be advised that as the Cabarlah Cricket Club did not see its way clear to assist in the matter, no further action was desired by the Council." [por 301 and 302 are between Evans Rd West and Castle Street road reserves]
In the Toowoomba Chronicle (6th March 1924), a report is made of the "initial meeting of the Cabarlah Sports Committee" of which John Kynoch, chairman of the Highfields Shire Council was the Patron. Other members included vice-patrons, A. C. Moore , MLA and Ald. A. R. Godsall, Mayor of Toowoomba. The chairman of the committee was 0. E. J. Bartlett, the Geham State School headmaster, and the secretary and treasurer were Mr. J. J. Brennan and Mr E. Robinson, respectively. The Cashier was Mr. W. Quinn. The Committee decided to organise sports to benefit St Vincent's Hospital. There were horse events and rough riding in the programme.
Football was played in the early 1920's and a concrete cricket pitch laid in the 1930's. Throughout the years, various organisations have held sports days, dances, concerts and other functions. There were pictures shown and dances held in the hall. Children from the school remember going to fancy dress balls in aid of the school.
Buck-jumping shows were staged near the hall during the second world war.
1970 saw a new dance floor and other extensions[5]
1970, the Cabarlah Rodeo was held to raise funds for the Geham State School centenary which was held in 1971. There were bending races, flag races, jumping, bullock rides, poddy and steer rides, barrel races and the favourites of the junior members of the crowd, catching the greasy pig. The winner of the throwing the broom race, nomination fee - 10 cents, won the broom!"
1975 the Farmers Arms and the Hall was bought by the Framers Arms Pty Ltd. (a group of residents from Toowoomba and surrounds under the leadership of David and Lea Rapoport[5].
The Cabarlah Sports committee was formed in 1976
The Cabarlah Community and Festival Committee ran events from 1975-1979 and purchased the hall and adjoining land from the hotel in 1978 (under the leadership of the longstanding chair of the Cabarlah Hall and Sports Committee)[5].
1986 Des and Valda generously agreed to sell part of their property on the western side of the Hall to complete the Cabarlah Hall Sports Ground
1986 the two committees joined to form the Cabarlah Sports and Festival Committee.
1988 the inaugural meeting of the Highfields Lions Club was held[5]
1992 there was a local version of Hey Hey its Saturday.
1993 a fundraising "Beauty Quest" and gala presentation night was held.
2024 air-conditioning was installed[5]
A Masonic Hall also seemed to exist from at least 1902 adjacent to the “large” hall.
In the original map of Geham Parish (which stopped at Barricks Road), the cemetery on por 113/R5 was in the Parish of Taylor or/and Parish of Toowoomba (if it was por 114). The notes below from the Taylor map show R5 C8.97 as 10 acres (Govt Gazette 1879.2.1050) Perhaps the land was only incorporated later into Geham?
The Cabarlah cemetery was part of the original parcel of land belonging to the Moore’s. Seagraves had owned this land which was then bought by John Donovan. They used to walk through what is now the army firing range on their way to Highfields.
More photos can be found at Cabarlah Cemetery in Cabarlah, Queensland - Find a Grave Cemetery
The first mention of a cemetery I can find is in 1877:
DD Gazette 12 Sept 1877:
There is one great want in this neighbourhood, and it seems as though no one has as yet thought fit to bring it before the public, and that is a graveyard. The nearest place of burial is the cemetery near Drayton--a distance of about 16 miles from the Five-mile Camp; too far by at least one-half. When the number of people living on Highfields is considered it does seem strange that this has not been taken in hand, and, at all events, an attempt made to procure a suitable place much nearer. We are not selfish in this matter, as we have no particular wish to occupy a lot in it, even should it be procured.
According to records, on 11 September 1878 a reserve was appointed for the Cabarlah cemetery, known at the time as Geham Cemetery. On 2 January 1880 the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, appointed Duncan Munro, Louis Robinson, Thomas Bowden, Michael Tansey, Joesph Kahler and Thomas Walls as Trustees of Cemetery Reserve at Geham. It seems they were waiting for residents to build a fence, as suggested in the paper in 1879:
D. D. Gazette SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1879.
Highfields Requirements.— The residents of Highfields and Geham will hear with much satisfaction that their member, the Minister for Lands, has not been neglectful of their interests. .... With regard to the cemetery required by the Highfield people and other residents near, the inhabitants have only to give a guarantee to pay the interest on the loan for fencing to secure their wishes. The land asked for has, we believe, already been granted and gazetted, so that it rests with the inhabitants now to take action that will give them a cemetery immediately. With reference to a case recently alluded to in our columns about the body of a woman having been brought all the way from Crow's Nest to Toowoomba to be buried, we hear that the land for the cemetery having been granted there exists no obstacle to the burying of bodies in it even now, except friends do not care to bury their dead in unfenced lands.
On 17 January 1880 the DD Gazette stated: The trustees of the Highfields cemetery have been gazetted, and it is to be hoped they will not be long ere they have the land (which is on the main road, nearly opposite Mr. De Gruchy's) ready for the purpose for which it has been set apart. [De Gruchy may have owned por 112? on the other side of the highway]
On Sat 24 July 1880, there was an advertisement in the DD Gazette for Tenders will be received up to August 7, for CLEARING and FENCING (Jointly or separately) about 2 acres of Geham cemetery reserve. For particulars, Apply to Thomas Walls, 5 Mile Camp.
Records show the first burials occurred in 1881.
Samuel Plant (died 30 Jan 1881 aged 81 years)
Thomas John, son of John Munro and Elizabeth Adams. Thomas was born on 26 July 1880 and died 7 March 1881[6]
[1] http://www.chapelhill.homeip.net/FamilyHistory/Photos/Cabarlah_Geham-Crows_Nest/index.php
[2] http://queenslandplaces.com.au/cabarlah
[3] http://www.anglicanarchives.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/raynerthesis.pdf
[4] https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_198858/the10488.pdf?
[5] Cabarlah Hall 100 years 1924 - 2024 (leaflet produced October 2024)
[6] https://tintean.org.au/2014/04/06/a-forgotten-irish-saint-and-his-many-churches/
[7] Faye Morgan (2007) "St Carthage's Catholic Church" in Catholic Diocese of Toowoomba Archives folder on St Carthage.
[8] According to Jeff Ryan who lives on the property on Reis road, the old church may have been moved to the Anglican Church in High Street in Toowoomba, the timber building behind this brick church. On closer investigation, he thinks the timber may have been used on that High Street site as it is not the same building.