Anti-reflective coating (also called AR coating or anti-glare coating) is a microscopically thin multilayer coating that eliminates reflections from the front and back surface of eyeglass lenses.
Anti-reflective coating eliminates glare caused by light reflecting from your lenses. With reflections eliminated, lenses with AR coating provide better vision for night driving and more comfortable vision for reading and computer use.
Lenses that are treated front and back with a clear, scratch-resistant coating have a much harder surface that is more resistant to scratching, whether from dropping your glasses on the floor or occasionally cleaning them with a paper towel.
Kids' lenses, especially, benefit from a scratch-resistant hard coat for greater durability.
Anti-Fog Coating eliminates the condensation of moisture on lenses that causes fogging.
Hydrophobic Coating
This treatment weakens surface tension to facilitate run-off of water droplets from the lens surface. It reduces visual distortion arising when wearing glasses or sunglasses around water or in the rain. It also resists stains and repels grease and fingerprints, so cleaning your lenses is quicker and easier.
Ultra-Violet Coating
Clear lenses can be enhanced to provide additional protection from UV rays. Without significantly changing the colour of the lens, a treatment can be applied that will prevent UV light from reaching your eyes, reducing the risk of certain eye disorders such as the formation of cataracts and macular degeneration.
To provide 100% UV protection, glass and plastic lenses must have UV coating applied. This is not necessary for polycarbonate, NXT and most high index plastic lens materials as they block 100% UV without the need for added coatings.
Source:
(1) http://www.allaboutvision.com/lenses/coatings.htm
(2) http://www.eyekit.co/information/lenses/lens-coatings-explained.html