Eddy Current testing is a method of inspecting metallic material using a changing magnetic field to induce electrical current (called "Eddy Current"_ in the material. Interference in the flow of the eddy current due to cracking in the material or from other forms of loss of material can generate signals which can enable an inspector to detect the flaws.
Some Typical Applications of Eddy Current Testing (ET)
Detection and Characterization of Material Degradation like Cracks, Corrosion and Wear
Sorting of Material based on Electrical and Magnetic Properties
Measure Coating Thickness
Gap Measurement between conductors
Basic introductory information on eddy current testing can be found at this site:
https://www.nde-ed.org/NDETechniques/EddyCurrent/index.xhtml
Another detailed introduction to the eddy current test method can be found here:
https://content.ndtsupply.com/media/Eddy%20Current%20-USAF-Tech-Manual-N-R.pdf