Publications

 Invisible Hurdles: Gender and Institutional Bias in the Publication Process in Economics [Paper] [Presentation Slides] [25-min Presentation][AEA 2022 Session]

(with Jennifer Pate

Economic Inquiry, Volume 61, October 2023, pp. 777-797. (Featured Article)

Media Coverage: Times Higher Education, Inside Higher ED

How might the visibility of an author's name and/or institutional affiliation allow bias to enter the evaluation of economics papers? We ask highly qualified journal editors to review abstracts of solo-authored papers which differ along the dimensions of gender and institution of the author. We exogenously vary whether editors observe the name and/or institution of the author. We identify positive name visibility effects for female economists and positive institution visibility effects for economists at the top institutions. Our results suggest that male economists at top institutions benefit the most from non-blind evaluations, followed by female economists (regardless of their institution).

Effects of Perceived Productivity on Study Effort: Evidence from a Field Experiment [Published Paper] [Working Paper] [5-min Presentation][15-min Presentation]

Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Volume 207, March 2023, pp. 376-391.

How does the perceived relationship between effort and achievement affect effort? To answer this question, I conduct a framed field experiment with a popular online learning platform. I exogenously manipulate students’ beliefs about returns to effort by assigning them to a control group or to treatments which provide information about returns to effort. Students update their beliefs towards the information and change their study effort in the same direction with the shifts in their beliefs. This result shows that low-cost information interventions can influence students’ beliefs about returns to effort and these beliefs are important components of their effort choices.

The Effect of Peers on the Quality of Financial Decision Making - A Case of the Blind Leading the Blind?  [NBER Working Paper, ReStat] 

(with Sandro Ambuehl, B. Douglas Bernheim and Donhatai Harris)

Review of Economics and Statistics, 2022.

Media Coverage: Wall Street Journal, MarketWatch

We investigate the impact of peer interaction on the quality of financial decision making in a laboratory experiment. Face-to-face communication with a randomly assigned peer significantly improves the quality of subsequent private decisions even though simple mimicry would have the opposite effect. We present evidence that the mechanism involves general conceptual learning (because the benefits of communication extend to previously unseen tasks), and that the most effective learning relationships are horizontal rather than vertical (because people with weak skills benefit most when their partners also have weak skills). The benefits of demonstrably effective financial education do not propagate to peers.

Returns to Effort: Experimental Evidence from an Online Language Platform [Paper]

Experimental Economics,  Volume 24, September 2021, pp. 1047-1073.

While distance learning has become widespread, causal estimates regarding returns to effort in technology-assisted learning environments are scarce due to high attrition rates and endogeneity of effort. In this paper, I manipulate effort by randomly assigning students different numbers of lessons in a popular online language learning platform. Using administrative data from the platform and the instrumental variables strategy, I find that completing 9 Duolingo lessons, which corresponds to approximately 60 minutes of studying, leads to a 0.057–0.095 standard deviation increase in test scores. Comparisons to the literature and back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that distance learning can be as effective as in-person learning for college students for an introductory language course.

The Effects of the Great Recession on College Majors [Paper] 

Economics of Education Review, Volume 77, August 2020.

How did the Great Recession affect the college degree fields? Utilizing the geographic variation in the severity of the recession in the US, I answer this question using the differences-in-differences and synthetic controls approaches. To explore these effects systematically, I categorize fields based on their sensitivity to the recession. The results show that there was a shift from recession-sensitive majors towards recession-resistant majors. The effects were immediate and larger for more local institutions. These findings suggest that students’ expectations about future labor market outcomes are affected by shocks to the current local labor market conditions.

Parking as a Loss Leader at Shopping Malls [Paper]

(with Kevin Hasker and Eren Inci)

Transportation Research Part B, Volume 91, September 2016, pp. 98-112.

This paper investigates the pricing of malls in an environment where shoppers choose between a car and public transportation in getting to a suburban mall. The mall implicitly engages in mixed bundling; it sells goods bundled with parking to shoppers who come by car, and only goods to shoppers who come by public transportation. There are external costs of discomfort in public transportation due to crowdedness. Thus, shoppers using public transportation crowd out each other. The mall internalizes these external costs, much like a policy maker. To do so, it raises the sales price of the good and sets a parking fee less than parking's marginal cost. Hence, parking is always a loss leader. Surprisingly, this pricing scheme is not necessarily distortionary.

Working Papers

Opening the Black Box of College Major Choice: Evidence from an Information Intervention (Paper)

(with Jamin Speer)

We study the importance of job-related and non-job-related factors in students' college major choices. Using a staggered intervention that allows us to provide students information about many different aspects of majors and to compare the magnitudes of the effects of each piece of information, we show that major choices depend on a wide set of factors. While students do not change their choices when given information about earnings, they do update their choices when told about other aspects of majors. The non-job-related factors, such as a major's course difficulty and gender composition, are important to students but not well-known to them. We also find that male and female students value different major characteristics in different ways. Lower-ability females flee from majors that they learn are more difficult than they had believed, while other students do not. On the other hand, male students are averse to being taught by female faculty, while female students are not. Overall, our results show that a variety of factors are important for students' major choices and that different factors matter for male and female students.

Effects of Group Work on Attitudes, Trust, and Performance [Paper] [Presentation Slides][AEA 2023 Webcast]

(with Graham Beattie)

Given the critical role that groups play in many educational settings, it is crucial to understand how students form their attitudes towards group work. Using an in-class field experiment, we study how being in a team affects attitudes towards group work, trust, and performance. We randomly assign students to complete quizzes alone or in a group, and find that (i) taking quizzes in teams leads to more positive attitudes towards group work and higher levels of trust (ii) students perform better on quizzes if they work in groups (iii) working in groups does not significantly help or hinder performance on subsequent individual exams. The positive impact of group quizzes on performance is particularly pronounced for below median students who are matched with above median students. Our results suggest that there are benefits to placing students in randomly assigned teams.