Embedded Files
Horizon
ICT technologies began to develop primarily as a means of connecting at the local and global level, and became the main driver of innovations and key solution factor of economic, social and all other problems of the modern world. In combination with market deregulation, globalization and other actual trends, ICTs have influenced the creation of completely different technology ecosystem. The most successful technology ecosystems help you bridge the gap between customers, partners, products, technologies, and markets to help you deal with your responsibilities and innovate at a much higher rate. ech ecosystems have revolutionized the way we interact with our devices and appliances.An ecosystem is a community of complex networks of interconnected organisms or systems. In living organisms' case, it entails how they interact to form relationships in communities that provide security, food, shelter, emotional and physical support. On the other hand, a tech ecosystem is a network of interconnected and interdependent diverse business entities. They come together to support each other and spur innovation sustainably.A digital ecosystem is a group of interconnected information technology resources that can function as a unit. Digital ecosystems are made up of suppliers, customers, trading partners, applications, third-party data service providers and all respective technologies. Interoperability is the key to the ecosystem's success. There are three main types of digital ecosystems: the digitizer ecosystem, the platform ecosystem and the super platform ecosystem.
These business ecosystems encompass rich webs of technologies, people, companies, and products and services that co-evolve to create new markets and meet new needs. Business ecosystems also include those who provide financing and regulatory direction, as well as relevant trade associations, standards bodies, and labor unions. These communities come together through a fortuitous mixture of design, accident, and opportunistic self-organization. Constituent members make contributions that complement and reinforce the contributions of other members, resulting in a complex integrated system. The pace of technological innovation is unprecedented and start-ups are just as able as established companies to attract talented people. Four stages of a business ecosystem are as follow:
These business ecosystems encompass rich webs of technologies, people, companies, and products and services that co-evolve to create new markets and meet new needs. Business ecosystems also include those who provide financing and regulatory direction, as well as relevant trade associations, standards bodies, and labor unions. These communities come together through a fortuitous mixture of design, accident, and opportunistic self-organization. Constituent members make contributions that complement and reinforce the contributions of other members, resulting in a complex integrated system. The pace of technological innovation is unprecedented and start-ups are just as able as established companies to attract talented people. Four stages of a business ecosystem are as follow:
- Stage 1 is a pioneering stage, characterized by visionaries who focus on identifying particular seed innovations, whether technologies or concepts, that will create radically better products and services than those already available. These entrepreneurs experiment with new ideas and technologies, drum up support and participation from early adopters, search for stakeholders and key allies, and scrounge for scarce resources. When the pioneers solidify their vision and accumulate the necessary elements for a properly functioning ecosystem, they are ready for stage 2: expansion.
- In stage 2, the nascent ecosystem has established a toehold and is ready for rapid expansion. Stakeholders work frenetically to ramp up every ecosystem element. Original participants become entrenched, contributions from new entrants are incorporated, product volume soars, and scale economies are finally established. The ecosystem also faces stiff competition for the first time from incumbents or other newly formed ecosystems; battles for unique resources are common. Successful participants learn the key lessons of stage 2: expansion is fundamentally about establishing the preferred ecosystem in a given market territory and getting new partners to join in the economic community. In addition, a participant must identifY and guard scarce resources to solidify one's own current and future position in the ecosystem.
- The ecosystem reaches structural maturity by stage 3, though it usually continues to grow prodigiously. Intensifying intra-ecosystem rivalry offsets architectural stability, however, as fully entrenched participants fight for leadership, profit margins, and bargaining power. New entrants jostle for position, eager to establish themselves within the successful ecosystem, and often cause upheaval by introducing new concepts or business practices. Cooperation becomes more important in stage 3, as leaders struggle to keep the increasingly cumbersome ecosystem intact and moving in concert. The leaders also need to defend the ecosystem ftom other encroaching ecosystems eager to steal value from or leapfrog altogether the old ecosystem. Contributors whose inputs are seen as necessities command great
- bargaining power, which allows them to gain superior profitability and a powerful position within the community.
- Stage 4 of a business ecosystem most often occurs when rising new ecosystems and disruptive technologies imperil mature business communities. Changes occur in the regulatory environment, the economic environment, or in customer preferences and buying patterns. Alternative ecosystems and innovations arise to take advantage of the changing circumstances, or sometimes cause them directly, and participants withdraw from the old ecosystem in favor of the new. The established ecosystem consequently has become less well adapted to its environment and is less able to meet the needs of its remaining customers, suppliers and stakeholders. The cycle repeats viciously. An ecosystem on the verge of this maelstrom must determine how to extend the useful life of its accumulated resources and experience.
Predhodnih 50 godina digitalni video i audio uređaji kontinuirano se razvijajaju zahvaljujući napretku elektronike i računarske tehnike na globalnom tržištu.Elektronska industrija, posebno potrošačka elektronika, pojavila se u 20. veku i postala globalna industrija vredna milijarde dolara. Savremeno društvo koristi sve vrste elektronskih uređaja koji se kontinuirano funkcionalno poboljšavaju. Jedna od najvažnijih karakteristika potrošačkih elektronskih proizvoda je trend stalnog pada cena, vođeno povećanjem efikasnosti i automatizacije proizvodnje. Dok potrošačka elektronika nastavlja svoj trend konvergencije, kombinujući elemente mnogih proizvoda, potrošači se suočavaju sa različitim odlukama o kupovini. Stil, cena, specifikacija i performanse su relevantni.
In the 1980s, technology advancements included the widespread adoption of personal computers, the development of the Internet and World Wide Web, the introduction of the first mobile phones, the popularization of video games consoles such as Atari, Nintendo and Sega. Compact Discs (CDs) and CD players also became widely available and popular during this decade, as well as the first home VCRs, which allowed people to record and watch TV shows and movies at home. Other significant technology from the 80s includes the first consumer camcorder, the launch of the first satellite for commercial TV transmission, the release of the first IBM PC, and the introduction of the first digital cameras. Additionally, the 80s saw the rise of the first laptop computers and the introduction of the first portable cassette players and walkman-style devices.
The 80s: The decade that made us The top ten music videos
- Personal computers: The 1980s saw the widespread adoption of personal computers, such as the IBM PC, which made computing more accessible to the general public.
- Internet and World Wide Web: The development of the Internet and World Wide Web in the 1980s opened up new opportunities for communication and information sharing.
- Mobile phones: The first mobile phones, such as the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, were introduced in the 1980s, making it possible for people to make calls from anywhere.
- Video games consoles: The 1980s saw the popularization of video games consoles such as Atari, Nintendo, and Sega, which revolutionized the gaming industry.
- Camcorder: The first consumer camcorder, the Sony Betamovie BMC-100P, was introduced in the 1980s, allowing people to record and watch videos at home.
- CD and CD players: Compact Discs (CDs) and CD players became widely available and popular during the 1980s, revolutionizing the music industry.
- VCR: The first home VCRs, such as the Sony Betamax, allowed people to record and watch TV shows and movies at home.
- Digital cameras: The first digital cameras were introduced in the 1980s, although they were not widely used until later.
- Laptops: The first "laptop" computers, such as the IBM PC Convertible, were introduced in the 1980s.
- Portable cassette players: The first portable cassette players, such as the Sony Walkman, were introduced in the 1980s, allowing people to listen to music on the go.
- Satellites for commercial TV transmission: The first satellite for commercial TV transmission was launched in the 1980s, greatly expanding the reach of television programming.
- IBM PC: The first IBM PC was released in the 1980s, becoming the most successful computer of its time.
- LCD screens: The first LCD screens were introduced in the 1980s, but it wasn't until the 1990s and 2000s that they became widely used in laptops, monitors, and mobile devices.
- Desktop publishing: The introduction of the Macintosh computer in the 1980s made desktop publishing possible, allowing anyone to create professional-looking documents.
- Fiber-optic communication: The 1980s saw the development of fiber-optic communication, which greatly increased the speed and capacity of data transmission.
- Genetic engineering: Genetic engineering became a reality in the 1980s with the development of recombinant DNA technology.
- Digital audio players: The first digital audio players, such as the MP3, were introduced in the late 1980s.
- Computer-aided design: Computer-aided design (CAD) software was developed in the 1980s, allowing architects, engineers, and designers to create detailed 3D models.
- Flat-panel displays: Flat-panel displays were developed in the 1980s, but it wasn't until the 1990s and 2000s that they became widely used in televisions, monitors, and mobile devices.
- Advanced Robotics: The 1980s saw the development of advanced robotics, which improved the precision and speed of manufacturing processes.
The 80s: The decade that made us The top ten music videos
Digital videoThe emergence of digital video in the 1990s was made possible by compression techniques developed in the preceding decades. Even though the earliest videophones and consumer digital video formats were limited to very low-resolution images of 352 × 288 pixels or smaller, the amount of information required to store and transmit moving video was too great for the available transmission channels and storage media. Video coding or compression was an integral part of these early digital applications, and it has remained central to each further development in video technology since 1990.By the early 1990s, many of the key concepts required for efficient video compression had been developed. From the 1970s onwards, industry experts recognised that video compression and digital video had the potential to revolutionise the television industry. Efficient compression would make it possible to transmit many more digital channels in the bandwidth occupied by the older analogue TV channels.The development of industry standards for compression or coding and decompression or decoding set the scene for mass-market digital video in the 1990s, alongside improvements in integrated circuit technology that made it possible to encode and decode video in real time on consumer devices. Video DVDs and digital TV broadcasting rapidly replaced their analogue predecessors in the late 1990s and early 2000s, bringing digital video and video coding into many of the world’s households. The years 2000–2010 saw the increasing use of video over the internet and on mobile devices and a gradual move from Standard Definition, around 720 × 480 pixels, to High Definition, 1920 × 1080 pixels. As of 2024, the quantity and resolution of transmitted video continues to increase, with 4K or Ultra HD increasingly the norm for many video applications.Video coding or video compression bridges the gap between displayable or uncompressed video and practical methods of storing or transmitting data. Digital video is made up of a series of frames or pictures, each of which contains hundreds of thousands or millions of picture elements or pixels. Storing or transmitting video in its original, uncompressed form can require an impractically large amount of storage capacity or bandwidth. A video encoder compresses video into a smaller and more compact form known as coded video, suitable for storage or transmission. A video decoder reverses this process, extracting displayable video from coded video. The complementary pair of an encoder and a decoder is a video codec.Video coding is a key technology for storing and transmitting video. The development of video coding standards since the early 1990s has enabled an increasingly diverse range of applications for digital video. These range from digital TV and digital versatile disc (DVD) video, to today’s use of video for day-to-day communication and leisure activities, using a wide range of consumer devices.An important consideration for practical video codecs is the trade-off between compression, video quality and computation. A video coding standard, such as H.264 or H.265, provides a set of available coding tools, which are specified in the profiles that are defined in each standard. The actual performance of a video codec, even when it conforms to a standard, depends very much on how it is implemented in software or hardware, as well as on the decisions taken by the video encoder. Different applications can and often do require different encoding and/or implementation strategies.A video encoder or decoder can be implemented in software, in hardware or in a mix of the two, by using dedicated hardware for certain computationally intensive functions and programmable software for other functions.
Foundations of video coding [1950–1990]
Foundations of video coding [1950–1990]
- Entropy Coding [1952–1987]
- Frame Differencing [1956–1972]
- Discrete Cosine Transform [1974–1984]
- Development of the Video Codec Model [1977–1985]
- Early Advances in Motion-Compensated Prediction [1989–1995]
- H.120, H.261 and MPEG-1: Early video coding standards
- MPEG-2: Digital TV and DVD-Video
- H.263 and MPEG-4 Part 2: Internet and Mobile video
- H.264: Multi-purpose video coding
- H.265/HEVC
- H.266/VVC
- other standards and formats (VC-1, VP8, VP9 and AV1)
In the 1990s, technology advancements included the widespread adoption of the Internet and World Wide Web, the development of graphical web browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer, the introduction of the first DVD player and the launch of the first satellite-based GPS systems. The decade also saw the introduction of the first laptop computers with color displays, and the widespread adoption of personal digital assistants (PDAs) such as the Palm Pilot. The 90s also saw the introduction of the first video game consoles with 3D graphics, such as Sony PlayStation, Sega Saturn and the Nintendo 64. Additionally, the decade saw the widespread adoption of mobile phones, and the development of mobile internet technologies such as GPRS and EDGE. Also, the first digital audio players such as MP3 players were introduced and the first digital cameras with LCD screens were becoming more and more common. The 90s also saw the widespread use of television sets with flat screens and the introduction of digital television.
- World Wide Web: The World Wide Web, which made the Internet more accessible and user-friendly, was developed in the 1990s.
- Graphical web browsers: The development of graphical web browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer in the 1990s made it easier to navigate the Internet.
- DVD player: The first DVD player was introduced in the 1990s, revolutionizing the way people watch movies and TV shows.
- GPS systems: The first satellite-based GPS systems were launched in the 1990s, making it possible for people to navigate with precision from anywhere in the world.
- Laptops with color displays: The first laptop computers with color displays were introduced in the 1990s, making them more versatile and user-friendly.
- Personal digital assistants (PDAs): Personal digital assistants such as the Palm Pilot were introduced in the 1990s, allowing people to organize their schedule and contacts electronically.
- Video game consoles with 3D graphics: The 1990s saw the introduction of video game consoles with 3D graphics, such as the Sony PlayStation, Sega Saturn and the Nintendo 64.
- Mobile internet technologies: Mobile internet technologies such as GPRS and EDGE were developed in the 1990s, allowing people to access the Internet on their mobile phones.
- Digital audio players: The first digital audio players, such as the MP3, were introduced in the late 1990s, revolutionizing the way people listen to music.
- Digital cameras with LCD screens: Digital cameras with LCD screens were becoming more and more common in the 1990s, replacing film cameras.
Open standards are technical specifications that are publicly available and freely implementable. They provide a common set of rules and guidelines for how a technology should be developed and used, allowing for interoperability and compatibility among different products and systems.
Open-source software is a type of software whose source code is made available to the public, allowing anyone to inspect, modify, or distribute the code. Unlike proprietary software, which is owned by a single entity and typically distributed with restrictions on its use and modification, open-source software is developed and maintained by a community of contributors who collaborate to create and improve the software. The open-source model has been successful in fostering innovation and collaboration, and has resulted in the creation of many high-quality, reliable software programs that are widely used by individuals, organizations, and governments around the world. In the early 1990s, the concept of open-source software was in its infancy, but there were already a few notable examples.
- Examples of open standards in the tech industry include HTTP, HTML, and SMTP for the web; Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and USB for wireless communication; and SSL/TLS for secure communication over the internet.
- MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group is a working group of ISO/IEC that develops international standards for audio and video compression and transmission. In 1990, MPEG was established to develop a standard for digital audio and video compression, which later became known as MPEG-1. MPEG-1 was designed for efficient compression and decoding of video and audio signals for storage on compact discs (CDs) and digital versatile discs (DVDs). It was widely used for video and audio content on the early World Wide Web and remains a widely used video compression format to this day. MPEG has since developed many other compression standards, including MPEG-2, MPEG-4, AVC, HEVC, VVC, MPEG-I. All of these standards are open and freely implementable, providing a common set of rules for efficient compression and transmission of digital audio and video content.
Open-source software is a type of software whose source code is made available to the public, allowing anyone to inspect, modify, or distribute the code. Unlike proprietary software, which is owned by a single entity and typically distributed with restrictions on its use and modification, open-source software is developed and maintained by a community of contributors who collaborate to create and improve the software. The open-source model has been successful in fostering innovation and collaboration, and has resulted in the creation of many high-quality, reliable software programs that are widely used by individuals, organizations, and governments around the world. In the early 1990s, the concept of open-source software was in its infancy, but there were already a few notable examples.
- One of the earliest and most influential open-source projects was the GNU operating system, which was launched in 1983 by the Free Software Foundation. The GNU system was designed as a free, Unix-like operating system, and it provided the foundation for the Linux operating system, which was released in 1991.
- Another early example of open-source software from the 1990s was the Apache web server, which was first released in 1995 and quickly became the most widely used web server software on the internet.
- These and other early open-source projects laid the foundation for the thriving open-source software community (MySQL database management system, Python programming language) that exists today.
In the 2000s, technology advancements included the widespread adoption of high-speed Internet and the development of social media platforms such as Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube. The decade also saw the introduction of smartphones, with the launch of the first iPhone in 2007, and the widespread adoption of mobile internet technologies such as 3G and 4G. The 2000s also saw the introduction of cloud computing, which allowed for the storage and access of data and applications over the Internet. Additionally, the decade saw the widespread adoption of digital cameras, which quickly replaced film cameras, and the popularization of digital music players such as the iPod. The 2000s also saw the emergence of e-commerce and online marketplaces such as Amazon and eBay, and the rise of streaming services such as Netflix and Spotify. The decade also saw the advent of high-definition televisions, the rise of digital video recorders such as TiVo, and the emergence of GPS navigation devices. The use of laptops and tablet computers also became more common.
- High-speed internet: The widespread adoption of high-speed internet in the 2000s made it possible for people to access the Internet more quickly and efficiently.
- Social media: The development of social media platforms such as Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube in the 2000s revolutionized the way people interact and share information online.
- Smartphones: The launch of the first iPhone in 2007 marked the beginning of the smartphone era, which greatly changed the way people access and use the Internet.
- Mobile internet technologies: Mobile internet technologies such as 3G and 4G were introduced in the 2000s, allowing people to access the Internet on their mobile phones more quickly and efficiently.
- Cloud computing: The advent of cloud computing in the 2000s allowed for the storage and access of data and applications over the Internet.
- Digital cameras: Digital cameras became widely available in the 2000s, quickly replacing film cameras.
- Digital music players: Digital music players such as the iPod became popular in the 2000s, revolutionizing the way people listen to music.
- E-commerce and online marketplaces: The rise of e-commerce and online marketplaces such as Amazon and eBay in the 2000s changed the way people shop and buy goods.
- Streaming services: Streaming services such as Netflix and Spotify emerged in the 2000s, changing the way people consume media.
- High-definition televisions: High-definition televisions (HDTVs) became widely available in the 2000s, providing a superior viewing experience.
In the 2010s, technology advancements included the widespread adoption of smartphones, mobile devices and apps, as well as the increase in mobile internet usage. The decade also saw the popularization of streaming services such as Netflix, Spotify, Hulu, and others. Social media platforms continued to evolve, with the emergence of platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and others. The 2010s also saw the widespread use of cloud computing for storage and data management, and the emergence of big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) with the integration of smart technologies into everyday devices such as smart home appliances, thermostats, security systems and wearables. The decade also saw the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, as well as the rise of virtual and augmented reality technologies. The use of digital payment methods, such as contactless payments, mobile payments, and cryptocurrencies also became more popular. Additionally, the 2010s saw the advent of 5G networks, which enabled faster data transfer and improved connectivity, and the growth of edge computing. The decade also saw the development of more powerful personal computers, laptops and servers, and the widespread use of online tools and platforms for communication, collaboration, and productivity.
- Smartphones and mobile apps: The widespread adoption of smartphones and the development of mobile apps in the 2010s greatly increased the capabilities and usage of mobile devices.
- Tablets: The introduction of tablets such as the iPad in the 2010s marked a shift away from traditional personal computers.
- Streaming services: The popularization of streaming services such as Netflix and Spotify in the 2010s revolutionized the way people consume and access entertainment.
- Social media platforms: The emergence of social media platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok in the 2010s expanded the ways people communicate and share information online.
- Cloud computing: The continued use of cloud computing for storage and data management became increasingly popular in the 2010s.
- Big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT): The emergence of big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the 2010s allowed for the integration of smart technologies into everyday devices such as smart home appliances, thermostats, and security systems.
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning: The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the 2010s greatly expanded the capabilities of technology and increased its use in various industries.
- Virtual and augmented reality: The rise of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the 2010s greatly expanded the capabilities of digital entertainment and visualization.
- Digital payment methods: The use of digital payment methods such as contactless payments, mobile payments, and cryptocurrencies became increasingly popular in the 2010s.
In the 2020s, technology advancements include the continued widespread adoption of smartphones, mobile devices, and apps, as well as the increase in mobile internet usage and the growing popularity of 5G networks. The decade also saw the popularization of streaming services such as Netflix, Spotify, Hulu, and others, as well as the emergence of new streaming services like Disney+, Peacock, and Apple TV+. Social media platforms continued to evolve, with the emergence of platforms such as TikTok, and the growing use of video conferencing and collaboration tools due to remote work and learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2020s also saw the continued use of cloud computing for storage and data management, as well as the growth of edge computing. The decade also saw the growing use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in various industries, as well as the rise of new technologies like quantum computing and blockchain. The use of digital payment methods, such as contactless payments, mobile payments, and cryptocurrencies also became more popular. Additionally, the 2020s saw the advent of more advanced and sophisticated technologies like autonomous vehicles, drones, and biometrics and the development of technologies like IoT and smart cities. The decade also saw the rise of AI-powered virtual assistants and chatbots and the development of new technologies such as extended reality (XR) - virtual, augmented and mixed reality.
- 5G networks: The widespread adoption of 5G networks in the 2020s greatly improved the speed and capabilities of mobile internet access.
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning: The continued growth of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the 2020s greatly expanded the capabilities of technology and increased its use in various industries.
- Cloud computing and edge computing: The continued use of cloud computing for storage and data management and the growth of edge computing became increasingly popular in the 2020s.
- Internet of Things (IoT) and smart devices: The continued development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the integration of smart technologies into everyday devices such as smart home appliances, thermostats, and security systems became more prevalent in the 2020s.
- Streaming services: The continued popularity of streaming services such as Netflix, Spotify, Hulu, and the emergence of new streaming services like Disney+, Peacock, and Apple TV+ in the 2020s revolutionized the way people consume and access entertainment.
- Social media platforms: The continued evolution of social media platforms such as TikTok and the growing use of video conferencing and collaboration tools became prevalent in the 2020s.
- Virtual and augmented reality: The continued development of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the 2020s greatly expanded the capabilities of digital entertainment and visualization.
- Digital payment methods: The use of digital payment methods such as contactless payments, mobile payments, and cryptocurrencies became even more popular in the 2020s.
- Biometrics, Drones and Autonomous vehicles: The advent of more advanced and sophisticated technologies like biometrics, drones, and autonomous vehicles in the 2020s.
- Quantum computing and Blockchain: The emergence of new technologies like quantum computing and blockchain in the 2020s.
Every technology was invented to solve a problem. For example, search engines were created to segregate massive amounts of online data and pick out the most relevant ones. With every new upgrade, technology keeps improving. Platforms get better and expand what they can accomplish. The more often this happens, technology evolves to become the vital necessity it is today.As new ideas get transformed into new forms of technologies, these new technologies are all set to become future mechanisms of future technologies. Existing technologies progress into something way more powerful and superior than what we had previously.The speed at which technological evolution is taking place is exponential. This exponential growth is one of the biggest reason that many people are struggling to keep up. This technology timeline graphic provides an overview which shows just how fast technology has evolved.
Smart products generally refers to products that are connected to the internet or other networks and have advanced computing capabilities, allowing them to collect and analyze data, communicate with other devices, and respond to user inputs in real-time. In 2010, some examples of smart products that were available at the time included smart phones, smart TVs, and wearable fitness trackers. These products represented the early stages of the Internet of Things (IoT) and laid the foundation for the widespread adoption of connected devices in homes and businesses. In 2020, the market for smart products continued to grow and expand, with a wider range of devices becoming available and more households and businesses integrating them into their daily lives. Some of the most common types of smart products available in 2020 included:
- Smart home devices, such as smart thermostats, security systems, and smart lighting systems.
- Wearable technology, including smartwatches, fitness trackers, and health monitors.
- Smart speakers, such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, that allow users to control other smart devices, play music, and access information using voice commands.
- Smart appliances, such as refrigerators, ovens, and washing machines that can be controlled and monitored using a smartphone app.
- Automated vehicles, such as self-driving cars, which use advanced sensors and computing systems to navigate roads and highways.
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse