Embedded Files
Smart environment (SmE) refers to an entity in which advanced digital technologies, such as 5G/6G, AI/ML, IoT/IoE, cloud/edge computing, big/small data, and data security/privacy, are exploited to produce greater value. A greater value can be, for example, a better quality of life for an individual, more efficient manufacturing for a company, or better services for the residents of a city. 6G is seenas a common enabler for mainstreaming many types of smart environments. In the following, we discuss four smart environments:
- smart society
- smart city
- smart factory
- smart home
Ambient intelligence (AmI) refers to environments with electronic devices that are aware of and can recognize the presence of human beings and adapt accordingly. This concept encompasses various technologies in telecommunications, computing, and consumer electronics. Its primary purpose is to enhance user interactions through context-aware systems. The concept of ambient intelligence builds upon pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing, profiling, context awareness, and human-centered computer interaction design. It is characterized by systems and technologies that are:
- embedded (networked devices are integrated into their environment)
- transparent (the devices themselves are invisible to users, providing unobtrusive interaction)
- context aware (the devices can sense people and their situations)
- personalized (they can be tailored to meet the user's needs)
- adaptive (they are capable of changing in response to human use)
- anticipatory (they can calculate a user's preferences based on their past behavior)
Ambient IoT (AIoT) is a concept that is used in the technology industry referring to an ecosystem of a large number of objects in which every item is connected into a wireless sensor network using low-cost self-powered sensor nodes. AIoT is the network of devices which harvest energy from ambient sources for powering their communication. After decades of research on operation of these devices, 3GPP has started discussing energy harvesting technology in cellular networks to support massive deployment of IoT devices at low operational cost. A-IoT technology includes both energy harvesting devices with active transmission as well as passive backscattering devices. Backscattering devices do not have an active transmission component and modulate information on the received signal from the exciter where the exciter (often used interchangeably with the terms illuminator or activator) can be any node generating RF signals. On the other hand, energy harvesting with active transmission and small storage allows higher range and better quality of service (QoS) as compared to backscattering devices without any storage.Differentuse cases can be envisioned for both technologies, where low-cost backscattering technology is more suitable to use cases such as asset tracking and monitoring, livestock, etc., while high-end use cases requiring better QoS can be supported by energy harvesting technology with active transmission. Both backscattering and active energy-harvesting devices. The 3GPP RAN study assumes three A-IoT device types:
- Device A: (Passive) Pure battery-less devices with no energy storage capability at all, no independent signal generation/amplification (i.e., capable of only backscattering), and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy.
- Device B: (Semi-Passive) Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, no independent signal generation but backscattering potentially with reflection gain.
- Device C: (Active) Actively transmitting device with limited energy storage capabilities based on ambient energy sources.
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse