2018- Hawaiian Island Disappears in less than a week
This Remote Hawaiian Island Just Vanished
"Scientists are concerned about what will happen to the hundreds of endangered species that once called East Island home."
By Nathan Eagle / October 23, 2018
Reading time: 7 minutes.
Hurricane Walaka, one of the most powerful Pacific storms ever recorded, has erased an ecologically important remote northwestern island from the Hawaiian archipelago.
Using satellite imagery, federal scientists confirmed Monday that East Island, a critical habitat for endangered Hawaiian monk seals and green sea turtles, was almost entirely washed away earlier this month.
“I had a holy s**** , moment, thinking ‘Oh my God, it’s gone,’” said Chip Fletcher, a University of Hawaii climate scientist. “It’s one more chink in the wall of the network of ecosystem diversity on this planet that is being dismantled.”
Satellite images show East Island in May and in October, after Hurricane Walaka.
Fletcher was doing research in July on East Island, which is part of French Frigate Shoals in Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. He said he knew East Island would eventually be underwater; he just thought it would take another couple decades or more for rising seas to swallow it up.
Special Report
“The Shark Chasers,” a Civil Beat Special Multimedia Project, follows a team of researchers to East Island and French Frigate Shoals earlier this summer as they study the summer feeding habits of hungry tiger sharks.
Instead, a Category 4 hurricane eliminated it overnight.
The hurricane’s pathway wasn’t a function of climate change, he said, but its strength and timing were consistent with the effects of a warming ocean and rising global temperatures that make storms more intense.
And part of the island’s demise was just bad luck, Fletcher said, describing the fishhook trajectory that Walaka took when it turned north and directly hit East Island.
East Island in French Frigate Shoals is about 550 miles northwest of Honolulu.
April Estrellon/Civil Beat
The monument’s state and federal managers said they won’t know the full toll until they can get out there to assess the damage. A marine debris team was already set to go up later this week, and could provide some preliminary observations.
It’s unclear if East Island — an 11-acre spit of sand and gravel that hosted a U.S. Coast Guard radar station until 1952 — will ever return or how resilient the displaced animals will be.
About 96 percent of Hawaiian green sea turtles, a threatened population under the Endangered Species Act, nest in French Frigate Shoals, over half of which on East Island. And about one-seventh of the world’s critically endangered Hawaiian monk seals were born there, according to Charles Littnan, a conservation biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
“There’s no doubt that it was the most important single islet for sea turtle nesting,” he said.
Climate change researchers had a permit to fly a drone over East Island earlier this summer.
Fortunately, Littnan said, the seals and turtles that rely on French Frigate Shoals are most likely fine — at least in the short term — because most had already left for the season before the storm hit.
The turtles come down to the Main Hawaiian Islands after they breed on East Island, which is about 550 miles northwest of Honolulu. A team of seven researchers, who were evacuated before the storm, counted 113 turtles nesting there this year.
December 4, 2017
French Frigate Shoals used to be the largest breeding ground for Hawaiian monk seals but has seen a decline in recent years. Still, about 16 percent of the entire population lives at French Frigate Shoals, and about 30 percent of those that live there had their pups on East Island, making it an important breeding site, Littnan said.
Roughly 1,100 of the entire population of 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals live in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The rest live in the Main Hawaiian Islands.
Littnan said monk seals of all ages have successfully weathered severe storms for years but he won’t know the effects of this storm until researchers return next year to survey the population.
A Hawaiian monk seal and pup nap on East Island in July. Researchers counted 220 seals there this year. On average, about 30 percent of these critically endangered animals are born there each year.
Alana Eagle/Civil Beat
A team of researchers from the University of Hawaii was there this summer to study the migratory patterns of tiger sharks. The sharks go to the waters around East Island during a two-week window each year to feed on fledgling albatross. The chicks take off from East Island, but often land in the water just offshore on their maiden flights — an easy meal for the sharks.
“Species are resilient up to a point,” Littnan said, noting that the animals can redistribute. “But there could be a point in the future where that resilience isn’t enough anymore.”
Littnan said it appears that storm-powered waves washed over all of the islets within the 20-mile crescent-shaped reef that is French Frigate Shoals, with East Island being the hardest hit.
Scientists won’t know until next summer’s expedition what the underwater toll is, but they are assuming tons of sediment has covered parts of the coral reef system surrounding the island.
Entire article is courtesy of Civil Beat, Honolulu
References and Sources
https://www.civilbeat.org/2018/10/this-remote-hawaiian-island-just-vanished/