New SINGLE-STAGE SPACECRAFT

NEW DESIGN FOR A COMPACT, SINGLE-STAGE SPACECRAFT

Like a helicopter, it can lift off vertically: the uplift is created by

counter-rotating adjustable internal rotor blades at the perimeter

of the vehicle.

Rotating outer rings of the discus also distribute thermal stress,

generated at the air-vehicle interface to minimize the heat at the

leading edge as speed increases.

Nitrogen utilization turns combustion kinetics upside down,

because it has the characteristics of an implosion. I (David Zornes)

reviewed this engine for application of "penta-nitrogen" powder fuels.

http://papers.sae.org/2005-01-3413 Buy Society Automotive Engineers SAE.org Paper at LINK

A New Approach for Single Stage Ascent to Orbit Silane Fuel in a New Vehicle Design

Paper Number: 2005-01-3413

DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3413

Citation:

Padanyi-Gulyas, D. and Bodo, A., "A New Approach for Single Stage Ascent to Orbit Silane Fuel in a New Vehicle Design," SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3413, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-3413.

Author(s):

David Padanyi-Gulyas - Nitronics Aerospace Technologies, LLC

Andras D. Bodo - Nitronics Aerospace Technologies, LLC

Abstract:

Spacecraft designs incorporating a propulsion system powered by a more efficient fuel would greatly reduce the oxidizer to payload ratio. This could be accomplished with a single-stage vehicle that uses air while in the atmosphere and switches to onboard oxidizer only after reaching the upper limit of the atmosphere. In this presentation, a revolutionary new vehicle is proposed that incorporates silane-based fuels into an air-breathing spacecraft design that achieves orbit via low ascent angles, where it then switches to onboard oxidizer. A ceramic and alloy propulsion system takes advantage of the properties of silane, utilizing both the oxygen and the 80% nitrogen of the atmosphere for combustion.

File Size: 422K

Silanes (silicone hydrites) power the above Spacecraft with air while in the atmosphere and switches to onboard oxidizer only after reaching the upper limit of the atmosphere. I (David Zornes) reviewed this engine for application of "penta-nitrogen" powder fuels as the onboard oxidizer.

http://papers.sae.org/2005-01-3412 Buy Society Automotive Engineers SAE.org Paper at LINK

Silicon Based Fuels for Space Flight

Paper Number: 2005-01-3412

DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3412

Citation:

Padanyi-Gulyas, D. and Bodo, A., "Silicon Based Fuels for Space Flight," SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3412, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-3412.

Author(s):

David Padanyi-Gulyas - Nitronics Aerospace Technologies, LLC

Andras D. Bodo - Nitronics Aerospace Technologies, LLC

Abstract:

Limiting factors in air and space propulsion systems affect both design and operation of the engines and the energy derived from a fuel source. Translation of the fuel source to energy (combustion) always requires an oxidizer. The process of breaking the energy-laden bonds of the fuel has classically been achieved using the oxygen in air for air-breathing engines or an onboard source of oxidizer for spaceflight. This is a critical limitation for a possible single-stage vehicle, because the weight of the fuel and oxidizer needed to achieve the necessary speed and altitude for orbit is excessive. This problem was overcome using multi-stage engines that are discarded sequentially during vertical ascent. However, the relative inefficiency of fuels currently available perpetuates the requirement for multi-stage engines to achieve orbit. Multi-stage rockets still require onboard fuel and oxidizer at lift-off that can account for over 95% of the lift-off weight. Only with more efficient fuels and propulsion systems will it become possible to achieve orbit and spaceflight without this limitation. More effective spacecraft designs incorporating a propulsion system powered by a more efficient fuel would greatly reduce the oxidizer to payload ratio. This could be accomplished with a vehicle that uses air while in the atmosphere and switches to onboard oxidizer only after reaching the upper limit of the atmosphere. This more efficient fuel is now available. The use of silanes (silicone hydrites) provides the fuel necessary to achieve this radically different and efficient means of propulsion, using both the oxygen and the 80% nitrogen of our atmosphere for combustion.

File Size: 581K

Date Published: 2005-10-03

I have the following comment from the chief physicist of the astronaut/scientist program during the Apollo Missions 1-12 :

"I haven't had time to study these and I'm not a fuel expert. It is an Interesting fuel. One of my concerns is the large positive enthalpy of formation. Other common compounds with such positive enthalpies (acetylene, hydrazine) are explosive in pure form. The paper states that the compound is stable, which is different from non-explosive. A "lead-block" test would be needed to determine the explosive nature. The combustion products may be non-toxic, but they are certainly not benign. The finely divided silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon monoxide may pose silicosis hazards and would be highly abrasive to the interior of an engine.

I could show this to an old NASA astronaut buddy if you wanted."

Peer reviews from senior United States Air Force scientists were thorough where they read all the literature of the inventors, resulting in a negative opinion of the silicon fuels. US Navy, Ford, and others reviewed the silicon based fuel, but did not go to the detail of the U.S. Air Force.

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David Zornes Statement:

I volunteered my money and time to write these papers, as the team leader, to disclose this European spacecraft development. I had a total of twenty four people to coordinate, including peer reviews and Linda Bell Carlson was the final editor, closing all the versions through to publication. We had a USD$100,000 video that was presented at the 100 Year Anniversary of World Aerospace Congress SAE.org in Texas.

After my HexaBlock presentation at the 3rd Bi-Annual DOD JOCOTAS Technical Working Group Meeting with Rigid & Soft Wall Shelter Industry 28 April to 1 May 2003, Hill AFB, Utah U.S., a Fort Bragg special forces officer walked up to me and requested my lead in writing these above-mentioned papers. Everyone was fresh out of the battlefield from Iraq and Afghanistan. I investigated and researched the participants in Europe, which was easy - I had attended Hannover Messe in Hannover Germany for over a decade and met the leaders of the world there when the Prince of Greece and husband of the Queen of UK, Prince Philip, opened the Messe 15-feet from me, in front of myUSA Pavilion booth within Bldg 18. All the other leaders stood in front of my booth and visited, until Prince Philip orHelmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, cut the ribbon to open the Messe. At the 50th Anniversary of Hannover Messe, Prince Philip disclosed how he had helped sell over 80% of the German products through his Messe, since it was established post WWII. Prince Philip stated his pride in helping Europe by inviting the world to Hannover Messe. From my booth, I met the leaders of the world and now understand many cultures previously unknown to me. JOCOTAS staff sent me to the 2003 Force Projection Conference a week later, where I decided to work on these spacecraft publications on my own - without governments.

I understood that many of the spacecraft frame components could be from the supersonic transport (SST) Concorde or the Tupolev Tu-144, where the SST wings would be replaced by the rings of the discus disclosed in the SAE publication referenced above.

A Fuel/Jet Engine Part Substitution Option (I have been keeping an eye out for alternative propulsion):

Reaction Engines' New Jet Engine is a lower speed propulsion source that can cool air entering a jet engine from 1,000C to -150C in a hundredth of a second without creating icy blockages, while reaching speeds of more than 2,000mph. The new jet engine cooling system is a set of thin pipes filled with condensed helium arrayed in a "swirl" pattern to extract heat from intake air, cooling it to minus 150C before it enters the engine.

Read more about Optional Reaction Engines: http://www.businessinsider.com/reaction-engines-jet-engine-cooling-2012-11

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