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IPA English Description
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i ē Close front unrounded vowel; Long 'e'
y Close front rounded vowel
ɨ Close central unrounded vowel
ʉ Close central rounded vowel
ɯ Close back unrounded vowel
u ü Close back rounded vowel; Latin 'u'
ɪ ĭ Near-close near-front unrounded vowel; Short 'i'
ʏ Near-close near-front rounded vowel
ʊ Near-close near-back vowel
e Close-mid front unrounded vowel
ø Close-mid front rounded vowel
ɘ Close-mid central unrounded vowel
ɵ Close-mid central rounded vowel
ɤ Close-mid back unrounded vowel
o Close-mid back rounded vowel
ə Mid central vowel
ɛ ĕ Open-mid front unrounded vowel; Short 'e'
œ Open-mid front rounded vowel
ɜ Open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɞ Open-mid central rounded vowel
ʌ ŭ Open-mid back unrounded vowel; Short 'u'
ɔ Open-mid back rounded vowel
æ Near-open front unrounded vowel
ɐ ŭ Near-open central unrounded vowel
a ă Open front unrounded vowel; Short 'a'
ɶ Open front rounded vowel
ɑ Open back unrounded vowel
ɒ ŏ Open back rounded vowel; Short 'o'
m m Bilabial nasal
ɱ Labiodental nasal
n n Alveolar nasal
ɳ Retroflex nasal
ɲ Palatal nasal
ŋ ng Velar nasal
ɴ Uvular nasal
p p Voiceless bilabial plosive
b b Voiced bilabial plosive
t t Voiceless alveolar plosive
d d Voiced alveolar plosive
ʈ Voiceless retroflex plosive
ɖ Voiced retroflex plosive
c Voiceless palatal plosive
ɟ Voiced palatal plosive
k k c Voiceless velar plosive
ɡ g Voiced velar plosive
q q Voiceless uvular plosive
ɢ Voiced uvular plosive
ʡ Epiglottal plosive
ʔ . Glottal stop
ɸ Voiceless bilabial fricative
β Voiced bilabial fricative
θ th Voiceless dental fricative
ð th Voiced dental fricative
f f ph Voiceless labiodental fricative
v v Voiced labiodental fricative
s s Voiceless alveolar fricative
z z Voiced alveolar fricative
ʃ sh Voiceless postalveolar fricative
ʒ Voiced postalveolar fricative
ʂ Voiceless retroflex fricative
ʐ Voiced retroflex fricative
ç Voiceless palatal fricative
ʝ Voiced palatal fricative
x ch Voiceless velar fricative
ɣ Voiced velar fricative
χ Voiceless uvular fricative
ʁ Voiced uvular fricative
ħ Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
ʕ Voiced pharyngeal fricative
ʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative
ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricative
h h Voiceless glottal transition
ɦ Breathy-voiced glottal transition
ʋ Labiodental approximant
ɹ r Alveolar approximant
ɻ Retroflex approximant
j y Palatal approximant
ɰ Velar approximant
ʙ Bilabial trill
r Alveolar trill
ʀ Uvular trill
ⱱ Labiodental flap
ɾ Alveolar tap
ɽ Retroflex flap
ɬ Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
ɮ Voiced alveolar lateral fricative
l l Alveolar lateral approximant
ɭ Retroflex lateral approximant
ʎ Palatal lateral approximant
ʟ Velar lateral approximant
ɺ Alveolar lateral flap
ɫ Velarized alveolar lateral approximant
ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
ɧ Voiceless palatal-velar fricative
ʍ Voiceless labio-velar approximant
w w Voiced labio-velar approximant
ɥ Labial-palatal approximant
kp Voiceless labial-velar plosive
ɡp Voiced labial-velar plosive
ŋm Labial-velar nasal
ʘ Bilabial clicks
ǀ Dental clicks
ǃ Alveolar clicks
ǂ Palatal clicks
ǁ Lateral clicks
ɓ Voiced bilabial implosive
ɗ Voiced alveolar implosive
ʄ Voiced palatal implosive
ɠ Voiced velar implosive
ʛ Voiced uvular implosive
pʼ Bilabial ejective
ť Alveolar ejective
kʼ Velar ejective
qʼ Uvular ejective
sʼ Alveolar ejective fricative
eɪ ā
aɪ ī
oʊ ō
ju ū
ts Voiceless alveolar affricate
dz Voiced alveolar affricate
tʃ ch Voiceless postalveolar affricate
dʒ j Voiced postalveolar affricate
tɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
dʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
ʈʂ Voiceless retroflex affricate
ɖʐ Voiced retroflex affricate
tɬ Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
dɮ Voiced alveolar lateral affricate
ˈ Primary stress
ˌ Secondary stress
ː Long
ˑ Half-long
. Syllable break
↗ Global rise
↘ Global fall
˥ Extra high / top
˦ High
˧ Mid
˨ Low
˩ Extra low / bottom