Spinal surgical procedures

Partial discectomy:

Here the part of the disc that is bulging out is surgically removed, thereby releasing any pressure on a nerve in a disc herniation.

See https://youtu.be/q1ixhLfgHcE

Fitting of an interspinous 'widget'/spacer:

As we get older and suffer wear and tear in our spine, the intervertebral discs can narrow, resulting in a narrowing of the intervertebral foramen (holes) through which the spinal nerves pass, causing nerve impingement. This condition is called Spinal Stenosis.

During surgery, a titanium widget/spacer is placed between the affected vertebrae to maintain a suitable distance between them inorder to maintain foramen size where no pressure is exerted on the spinal nerves.

See https://youtu.be/Qr0LxgvI2YQ

See https://youtu.be/C1PvhU2q4lE