recite (verb) to speak from memory

• Sample Sentence: Students across the United States recite the Pledge of Allegiance daily.

• Turn and Talk: If you were asked to recite a poem for English class, what steps would you take to memorize it?

allegiance (noun) loyalty

• Sample Sentence: Harold feels he owes allegiance to his friends because of how they have helped him.

• Turn and Talk: Describe a person, place, or idea to which you feel a strong allegiance. Why do you feel this way?

signify (verb) to mean or stand for

• Sample Sentence: The American flag signifies freedom for many people.

• Turn and Talk: Talk about a special gift you’ve received. What does this gift signify to you?

principle (noun) a rule or belief that guides actions

• Sample Sentence: Supporters of the Pledge argue that it reflects the principles of most Americans.

• Turn and Talk: What are three principles that are important in your life?

conclusion (noun) a final judgment or decision

• Sample Sentence: The Supreme Court reached the conclusion that teachers and students who disagree with the Pledge have the right not to say it.

• Turn and Talk: Think of a time when an adult decided that you had broken a rule. Did you agree with the adult’s conclusion?