The control, option and command keys are modifier keys, meaning they are used in combination with the regular alpha-numeric keys to provide alternate functionality to keyboard shortcuts. By pressing certain key combinations, you can do things that normally need a mouse or a trackpad. They are also useful for generating special symbols, alternate character sets and diacritical marks, such as the ones found in résumé or señorita. Learn more about
The control key is how you “right-click” things. You can simultaneously hold down the control key and click the desktop, files, folders, apps, etc., & a pop up menu will appear so that you can access a variety of different functions.
The option key is a modifier key located between the control key and command ⌘ key. Hold down the option key to type a variety of symbols, eg., option + 4 = ¢; option + v = √, option + 0 = º, and there are many more.
The Command key, ⌘, also known as the Apple key, is a modifier key on all Apple keyboards. The Command key's purpose is to allow the user to enter keyboard commands in applications and in the system.
Press and hold a key on the keyboard—for example, press and hold down the a key to display the options of accents.
Select a character in the menu—for example, á. You can also press the number key shown for the character, or use the arrow keys to move to the character, then press the Space bar.
The menu isn’t shown if a key doesn’t have any possible accent marks.
You can use the top row of keys on your Apple keyboard as controls for built-in Mac features or as standard function keys.
By default, the top row of keys on your Apple keyboard control many different features on your Mac. For example, pressing the keys with speaker icons adjusts the volume.
F1 & F2 - controls screen brightness
F3 - opens Mission Control, manage open windows and alternate desktop spaces
F4 - opens Launch Pad for quick access to apps, such as Safari, calendar, calculator, voice memos, stickees and more.
F5 & F6 - controls keyboard backlight
F7, F8, F9 - Rewind, Play, FF (audio)
F10, F11, F12 - controls volume
How to Use the F3 Key