Final Project Journal

Project Ideation

1- Tell us about the idea of your project. Why do you care about this? What were you inspired by? Include images and videos of similar projects

Nowadays, smoke is everywhere around us and every fire starts with a spark that's why we have to be proactive and move towards prevention.

The Alarm is our Way of Prevention

It has a simple principle which is sensing the amount of smoke.

if this amount is more than permissible, it will make a noise to alert.

Easy but effective

That's why I care about it since it can save lives and money.

Project Construction

2- Explain the CAD process of your project. How did you use the software to design your project? (List the softwares/tools/materials...etc that you used)

Fusion 360 is the Software Used to design the Enclosure

Before Starting Drawing, I assigned the dimensions of the enclosure to be

Length = 16 Cm

Width = 7 cm

Height = 7 Cm

started by the first rule of making a new component for the side and then drawing it to be 70 mm X 70 mm
made the alignment slot to the side and Box Joints for the Top

3. Extruded the side with a thickness of 3 mm

4. Copy the side and Paste new it in the Parent component

Now we have 2 sides

5. Made some Sketch edits on the other side and added the T-slot

6.Extrude cut for the slot

7. Made an opening for the On / Off Switch and extrude Cut it

8. Draw the Back side of the enclosure to be 160 mm x 70 mm

then made alignment, T slot, and Box joint on the top

9. Extruded the side by 3 mm

10. Copy the back and Paste it as a New Component the Rename it as it will be the front Side

11. Chose the Component of the Front and make a sketch on it for the LED, Push Button, and Sensor then Extrude the Cut for it with 3 mm

I took The Measurement For them using the Vernier in the Lab

12. Assembeled the 4 sides Together which will help check the alignment and projected some components to draw the base

13. Now we have the base ready to make a projection From it

14. Make a new component for the base

15. Made a new sketch and select the plane to sketch on

16. From the Create list, we chose the projection and projected the slots

17. Now we have the base ready to project it

18. we draw the rectangle for the base and the opening for the M3

screws

19. we give the Base its dimensions to be 95 mm x 175 mm and fully define it

20. Extruded the base by 3 mm and assembled it with the other side to check how it fits and its perfectly fit

21. Repeat the same Projection Steps for the Top and fully define it

22. Extruded the Top by 3 mm

23. Assembled the Top with the other side to check how it fits and its perfectly fit

Now it is time to Mount the other components like the Arduino and the sensor
I downloaded the Arduino component from the sheet shared with us by the instructors

24. Uploaded the Components

There is a site called Grabcad, and the instructors told us about where we can find some of the components we need to insert into our design
I looked for the MQ2 Sensor but later it turned out that its dimensions weren't correct so I took the dimensions using the vernier

25. The Arduino has been successfuly uploded so i inserted it to the design

26. Mounted the Arduino to the Base of the enclosure and make sure that there is a gap of 2.5 mm between the Arduino and the base

26. Adjusted the position of the Arduino that it will help me to make a projection then grounded the arduino

27. Made a new sketch on the base and made a projection for the 4 holes of the Arduino then extruded cut of 3 mm for them

now we have the Arduino fixation holes

28. Projected the Power source and USB to make an opening for them on the side

29. Extrude cut for them

Now the Arduino is fully mounted

30. Insert Previously drawn bracket to the design

31. adjusted the bracket position then made joint between the bracket and the bod

31. Chose the component of the FACE, made a sketch on it, and projected for the bracket hole

32. Finish the sketch and extrude the cut for the bracket by 3 mm

31. Repeat the same steps of projection and cut for the side

Here is the Look of the final Box

Adding some Appearance To it

Here is the final Look of the Box

Here is the Look of the final Box

Adding some Appearance To it

F3d File

3- Explain the fabrication process of your project. How did you use the machine to fabricate your project? (List the softwares/tools/materials...etc that you used)

Laser Cut

Tools & Software

RDwork laser software

3 mm ply wood

Laser Machine

Fabrication

After designing the parts using Fusion 360, we export them as DXF files to import them to RDWorks Software so we can set the parameters and the laser machine can deal with them

first, we import the Top part
assign the cut parameters with a Balck color to be :

speed = 40mm/s

Power from 30 to 35

Then adjust the parameters for the speed cut

we assign the speed-cut parameters with a red color to be

speed = 315 mm/s

Power from 25 to 30

after that, we adjust the parameters for the engraving

we assign the engraving parameters with a green color to be

speed = 250 mm/s

Power to be 25

then I made a graph hatch to check the engraved area

The final step is to add the other parts

Import them one after one
Move Them to the left top corner (near the origin) to make sure the nozzle will start from the origin so we can save material and better utilize the sheet.
Set their sides to the black color which refers to the cut parameters as desired
save the file in the format of rld

Fabrication

Headed to the lab with the rld file
Check the parameters with the Specialist
Adjust the cut, scan, and speed cut parameters
Downloaded the file to the machine
Fixed the sheet and opened the blower
Adjusted the clearance of the nozzle.
identify the origin point on the wood sheet.
choose the file from the machine memory.
frame to simulate the size of the cut on the sheet.
Press enter to start the process.

Fabrication

This is the output of the cutting process

Video for the laser cut

3D Printer

Tools & Software

Cura Software

PLA

Prusa 3D Printer

CURA Software

we have the bracket previously drawn and designed

open the STL file using Cura software
choose the printer Prusa MK3 and the PLA
check the bracket orientation and size (both are good to go)
Choose a Brim as a Build Plate Adhesion

choose the Infill density to be 20
choose the layer height to be .3 (Extra fast)
choose the printing temperature to be 215

slice it to see it will take 16 minutes and 3 grams
save the G-Code to the Card

insert the card containing the code to the machine
select the file
start printing and wait for it

After 16 minutes, finally we have the brackets

STL File

Project Electronics & Power Management

4- Describe your electronic circuit. What are the input and action components? What is the function of each? How do the components integrate together to form your smart system? (List the softwares/tools/components...etc that you used)

Circuit Components

Arduino Uno (Processing Unit)
MQ2 Sensor (Input)
5-volt Adaptor (Power source)
ON/OFF Switch (Input)
Buzzer (Output)
LED (Output)
Push Button (Input)

Arduino Uno

The processor that receives the input, processes it, and gives the desirable output

MQ2 Sensor

as a sensing element for the alarm

(Input)

5 volt Adaptor

Power source

Mini Board

to connect the electronic circuit without soldering

ON/OFF Switch

Start and Stop of the alarm

(Input)

Male Jumper

For Connection

Female Jumper

For Connection

Buzzer

Alarm Sound

(Output)

LED

as Indication Light

(Output)

Resistance

LED Metal Cover

to carry the LED light

Push Button

to reset the circuit and stop the alarm

(Input)

The Circuit

The main component of the circuit is the MQ2 Sensor (Input).

It has 4 terminal

VCC ( +ve 5 volt)
Ground
Digital output
analog output

in our circuit, we will be using the analog output terminal connecting it to the Arduino

Circuit Simulation using TinkerCad

Since there is no MQ2 sensor in Tinkercad, we will try to mock it using a PIR sensor which has 3 terminal

VCC ( +ve 5 volt)
Ground
output

so we will consider the output as the analog output of the MQ2 Sensor

Connect the +ve 5 volt of the Arduino to the +ve rail of the Breadboard
Connect the Ground of the Arduino to the -ve rail of the Breadboard
Connect the +ve and -ve of the sensor to the +ve and -ve of the board then connect the Signal Terminal to the A0 Terminal of the Arduino (Input signal)
The -ve of the Buzzer is connected to the -ve of the board and the +ve of the Buzzer is connected to PIN6 of the Arduino (Output signal)
Connect the -ve of the LED to the -ve of the board and the +ve of the LED to PIN11 of the Arduino (Output signal)
Connect the 1st terminal of the slide switch to the +ve of the board and the 2nd terminal of the slide switch to the -ve of the board then connect the 3rd terminal of the switch to the PIN 10 of the Arduino (Input signal)
Connect the 1st Terminal of the Push Button to the +ve of the Board and the other Terminal to PIN 9 of the Arduino (Input signal)

Circuit Wiring

Connected the +ve(5Volt) PIN of the Arduino to a row in the Breadboard
Connected the -ve(Ground) PIN of the Arduino to another row in the Breadboard
Connected the -ve of the buzzer to the -ve of the Board
Connect the +ve (VCC) of the Sensor to the +ve of the board, - ve (Ground ) of the Sensor to the -ve of the board, and the analog input terminal to the A0 PIN of the Arduino.
Connect the +ve of the buzzer to PIN 6 of the Arduino (To be OUTPUT)
Connect the +ve of the LED to PIN 11 of the Arduino (To be OUTPUT) and the -ve of the LED with the current limiting resistance connected in series to it with the Ground of the Board.
Connected the 1st Terminal of the Push Button to the -ve row of the Board and the other terminal to PIN 9 of the Arduino
Connected the 1st Terminal of the ON/OFF Switch to the -ve row of the Board and the other terminal to PIN 10 of the Arduino

note

Both the switch and the button are connected to the Ground because we are using INPUT_PULLUP in the Code we write to adjust its functionality (This is how we have been taught through the diploma)

5- What is your power source? How did you select the suitable power source for your project? (List the softwares/tools/components...etc that you used)

The Power source is a 9 Volt adaptor to power the Arduino through the power port (Black Socket) of the Arduino (Not the USB cable) since the circuit contains :

Buzzer
MQ2 sensor
LED

and the operating voltage for them is 5Volt

so I'll power them through the Arduino using the 5-volt output from it

Project Programming

6- Describe the code of your project. How did you program each function of the project?

The code starts with defining the variables that we are going to use throughout the code

I defined the variables and assigned a value to each variable

After defining the variables, we have the void setup in which we

Start the serial monitor
Make the desired delay for the sensor to warm up
Print the message that states the sensor is warming up
Define the inputs and outputs attached to Arduino Pins
add the INPUT_PULLUP for the switch and the button since they have two terminals, one of them connected to the Ground and the other connected to Arduino PIN, and in this case, since it's connected to the Ground, we have To use INPUT_PULLUP with them to adjust it (I made it like this similar to the way we have been taught through the diploma)

After the void setup, the void loop takes a turn

in the void loop, we have a smoke_detector attached to pin A0 which is considered analog input, and to make it easy to deal with this signal, we define another variable called senso_read and assign its value to the analog value coming from the sensor in A0

then we print this value on the serial monitor

Here we're dealing with the condition of the circuit

This one states that if the on/off switch is OFF(0 State), it sends a HIGH signal to the Arduino, the alarm will be OFF

The other condition is when the switch is on(state of 1) and the sensor read is above the permissible limit we stated

we have 2 cases

If the push button is pressed, A LOW Signal is sent to Arduino, and the alarm will stop working.
if the button is unpressed, A HIGH Signal is sent to Arduino and the alarm will give a beep sound and the red LED will light up

Arduino Code

Project Integration & Testing

7- Demonstrate with text and visuals how did you integrate the project’s modules together? What are the testing results? (Include a Demo video separately, showing a proof of functionality)

This is the Output came from the the laser machine and i will assemble it

first Step

Fixed the Arduino to the Base of the box using Screws and tightened them to prevent it from moving.
Assembled the first side which contains the opening for Arduino to the base using the T-Slot

Second Step

Assembled the other side containing the on/off switch to the base using the T-Slot
Connected the +ve(5Volt) PIN of the Arduino to a row in the Breadboard
Connected the -ve(Ground) PIN of the Arduino to another row in the Breadboard
Connected the -ve of the buzzer to the -ve of the Board

Third Step

Fixed the Push button, the sensor, and the LED Metal cover to the Front Face
Connect the +ve (VCC) of the Sensor to the +ve of the board, - ve (Ground ) of the Sensor to the -ve of the board, and the analog input terminal to the A0 PIN of the Arduino.
Connect the +ve of the buzzer to PIN 6 of the Arduino (To be OUTPUT)
Connect the +ve of the LED to PIN 11 of the Arduino (To be OUTPUT) and the -ve of the LED with the current limiting resistance connected in series to it with the Ground of the Board.
Connected the 1st Terminal of the Push Button to the -ve row of the Board and the other terminal to PIN 9 of the Arduino
Connected the 1st Terminal of the ON/OFF Switch to the -ve row of the Board and the other terminal to PIN 10 of the Arduino

note

Both the switch and the button are connected to the Ground because we are using INPUT_PULLUP in the Code we write to adjust its functionality (This is how we have been taught through the diploma)

Finally

Assembled the front Face to the base using T-slot
Fixed the Brackets to the corners of the box

This is the Final look of the box after

Videos demonstrate the functionality of the project after integrating the electronic components inside the designed enclosure

Sharing & Collaboration

8- Did you ask for feedback? What are the ideas that others have contributed or suggested? What was someone else’s idea that you built upon? How did you help your peers? How did your peers help you?

Reaching this point, this is an end to a chapter not the of the story

I would like to thank everyone who participated in this journey, especially Esraa Rageh, for her constant help and efforts in finding solutions.

She assisted me by providing research sources for the project and examples from previous projects.

Abd El Rahman for his assistance in solving the problems we encountered when using the 3D Printers

Overcoming Challenges

9- When you got stuck, what/who did you turn to? At what point did you have to pause to research or learn more before moving on? What are some mistakes, pitfalls, or challenges that others can avoid if they were doing this project?

I looked for 2 of my physical components on the Grabcad website importing them to the drawing and making the steps of projection till I reached the final point.

After Cutting, I found out that the Dimensions are wrong and there was a misalignment in the holes.

I tried to make the hole fit but I couldn't

so the instructor (ESRAA) suggested taking the dimensions using a vernier and re edit the sketch

so I have done this and it worked

Future Work

10- If you had more time, what is one thing you would change/ Do next in your project?

Adding a Screen to display the calibration process of the sensor and also display the smoke density

Final Project Design Files

DXF Files

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